Time Entanglement between a Photon and a Spin Wave in a Multimode Solid-state Quantum Memory

Abstract

The generation and distribution of entanglement are key resources in quantum repeater schemes. Temporally multiplexed systems offer time-bin encoding of quantum information which provides robustness against decoherence in fibers, crucial in long distance communication. Here we demonstrate the direct generation of entanglement in time between a photon and a collective spin excitation in a rare earth ion doped ensemble. We analyze the entanglement by mapping the atomic excitation onto a photonic qubit and by using time-bin qubits analyzers implemented with another doped crystal using the atomic frequency comb technique. Our results provide a solid-state source of entangled photons with embedded quantum memory. Moreover, the quality of the entanglement is high enough to enable a violation of a Bell inequality by more than two standard deviations.

8 pages and 10 figures

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• Energy-time and time-bin entanglement: past, present and future
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• Nonclassical photon-pair source based on noiseless photon echo
• Optical pumping simulations and optical Rabi frequency measurements in ${}^{151}{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}:{\mathrm{Y}}_2{\mathrm{SiO}}_5$ under magnetic field
• Proposal for spin squeezing in rare-earth ion-doped crystals with a four-color scheme