Multi-mode and long-lived quantum correlations between photons and spins in a crystal

Abstract

The realization of quantum networks and quantum repeaters remains an outstanding challenge in quantum communication. These rely on entanglement of remote matter systems, which in turn requires creation of quantum correlations between a single photon and a matter system. A practical way to establish such correlations is via spontaneous Raman scattering in atomic ensembles, known as the DLCZ scheme. However, time multiplexing is inherently difficult using this method, which leads to low communication rates even in theory. Moreover, it is desirable to find solid-state ensembles where such matter-photon correlations could be generated. Here we demonstrate quantum correlations between a single photon and a spin excitation in up to 12 temporal modes, in a ${}^{151}$Eu${}^{3+}$ doped Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$ crystal, using a novel DLCZ approach that is inherently multimode. After a storage time of 1 ms, the spin excitation is converted into a second photon. The quantum correlation of the generated photon pair is verified by violating a Cauchy - Schwarz inequality. Our results show that solid-state rare-earth crystals could be used to generate remote multi-mode entanglement, an important resource for future quantum networks.

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• Quantum repeaters with individual rare-earth ions at telecommunication wavelengths
• On-demand Integrated Quantum Memory for Polarization Qubits
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• Storage and analysis of light-matter entanglement in a fibre-integrated system
• Entanglement between a photonic time-bin qubit and a collective atomic spin excitation
• Extending Phenomenological Crystal-Field Methods to $C_1$ Point-Group Symmetry: Characterization of the Optically-Excited Hyperfine Structure of ${}^{167}$Er${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$
• Long-lived non-classical correlations for scalable quantum repeaters at room temperature
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• Coherent Optical Memory Baesd on A Laser-written On-chip Waveguide
• Coherent spin dynamics of rare-earth doped crystals in the high-cooperativity regime
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• Generation of highly retrievable atom photon entanglement with a millisecond lifetime via a spatially multiplexed cavity
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• Efficient and reversible optical-to-spin conversion for solid-state quantum memories
• Remote Quantum Networks based on Quantum Memories
• Anomalous sub-kelvin thermal frequency shifts of ultra narrow-linewidth solid state emitters
• First-order thermal insensitivity of the frequency of a narrow spectral hole in a crystal
• Diagrammatic technique for simulation of large-scale quantum repeater networks with dissipating quantum memories
• Optimising the Efficiency of a Quantum Memory based on Rephased Amplified Spontaneous Emission
• Observation of collapse and revival in a superconducting atomic frequency comb
• Thermal-noise Limits to the Frequency Stability of Burned Spectral Holes
• Generation of entanglement between a highly wave-packet-tunable photon and a spin-wave memory in cold atoms
• Nonclassical photon-pair source based on noiseless photon echo
• Probing the collective dynamics of nuclear spin bath in a rare-earth ion doped crystal
• Proposal for spin squeezing in rare-earth ion-doped crystals with a four-color scheme
• From Heat Capacity to Coherence in Ultra-Narrow-Linewidth Solid-State Optical Emitters at Sub-Kelvin Temperatures
• Single-Photon-Level Atomic Frequency Comb Storage in Room Temperature Alkali Vapour
• Optical pumping simulations and optical Rabi frequency measurements in ${}^{151}{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}:{\mathrm{Y}}_2{\mathrm{SiO}}_5$ under magnetic field