Out-of-equilibrium operation of a quantum heat engine: The cost of thermal coupling control

Abstract

Real quantum heat engines lack the separation of time and length scales that is characteristic for classical engines. They must be understood as open quantum systems in non-equilibrium with time-controlled coupling to thermal reservoirs as integral part. Here, we present a systematic approach to describe a broad class of engines and protocols beyond conventional weak coupling treatments starting from a microscopic modeling. For the four stroke Otto engine the full dynamical range down to low temperatures is explored and the crucial role of the work associated with the coupling/decoupling to/from reservoirs in the energy balance is revealed. Quantum correlations turn out to be instrumental to enhance the efficiency which opens new ways for optimal control techniques.

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