Steady state in strong system-bath coupling: mean force Gibbs state versus reaction coordinate

Abstract

Motivated by the growing importance of strong system-bath coupling in several branches of quantum information and related technological applications, we analyze and compare two strategies currently used to obtain (approximately) steady states in strong coupling. The first strategy is based on perturbative expansions while the second one uses reaction coordinate mapping. Focusing on the widely used spin-boson model, we show that, as expected and hoped, the predictions of these two strategies coincide for some parameter regions. This confirms and strengthens the relevance of both techniques. Beyond that, it is also crucial to know precisely their respective range of validity. In that perspective, thanks to their different limitations, we use one to benchmark the other. We introduce and successfully test some very simple validity criteria for both strategies, bringing some answers to the question of the validity range.

12+6 pages, 8+2figures

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• Effective-Hamiltonian theory: An approximation to the equilibrium state of open quantum systems
• Strong Coupling Quantum Thermodynamics far away from Equilibrium: Non-Markovian Transient Quantum Heat and Work
• Steady state in ultrastrong coupling regime: perturbative expansion and first orders
• Corrections to the Hamiltonian induced by finite-strength coupling to the environment
• Long-time equilibration can determine transient thermality