Searching for Boosted Dark Matter via Dark-Strahlung

Abstract

We propose a new search channel for boosted dark matter (BDM) signals coming from the present universe, which are distinct from simple neutrino signals including those coming from the decay or pair-annihilation of dark matter. The signal process is initiated by the scattering of high-energetic BDM off either an electron or a nucleon. If the dark matter is dark-sector U(1)-charged, the scattered BDM may radiate a dark gauge boson (called "dark-strahlung") which subsequently decays to a Standard Model fermion pair. We point out that the existence of this channel may allow for the interpretation that the associated signal stems from BDM, not from the dark-matter-origin neutrinos. Although the dark-strahlung process is generally subleading compared to the lowest-order simple elastic scattering of BDM, we find that the BDM with a significant boost factor may induce an O(10-20%) event rate in the parameter regions unreachable by typical beam-produced dark-matter. We further find that the dark-strahlung channel may even outperform the leading-order channel in the search for BDM, especially when the latter is plagued by substantial background contamination. We argue that cosmogenic BDM searches readily fall in such a case, hence taking full advantage of dark-strahlung. As a practical application, experimental sensitivities expected in the leading-order and dark-strahlung channels are contrasted in dark gauge boson parameter space, under the environment of DUNE far-detectors, revealing usefulness of dark-strahlung.

9 pages, 4 figures, Journal-submitted version

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• Manifesting hidden dynamics of a sub-component dark matter
• Distinctive signals of boosted dark matter from its semi-annihilation
• Earth Shielding and Daily Modulation from Electrophilic Boosted Dark Particles
• Probing dark gauge boson via Einstein-Cartan portal
• XQC and CSR constraints on strongly interacting dark matter with spin and velocity dependent cross sections
• Simultaneous detection of boosted dark matter and neutrinos from the semi-annihilation at DUNE
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