Evolution of the progenitors of SNe 1993J and 2011dh revealed through late time radio and X-ray studies

Abstract

We perform hydrodynamical simulations of the interaction between supernova (SN) ejecta and circumstellar medium (CSM) for SN 1993J and SN 2011dh, and calculate the radio and X-ray emissions expected from the shocked gas at late epochs ($t$). Considering the ejecta structure from multi-group radiation hydrodynamics simulation, we find that the observed rapid drop in radio and X-ray light curves of SN 1993J at $t>$3000 days can be due to a change in the mass-loss rate ($\dot{M}$) around $\sim$6500 years prior to the explosion of the SN. The exact epoch scales inversely with the assumed wind velocity of $v_{\mathrm{w}}=10km{s}^{-1}$. The progenitor of this SN very likely belonged to a binary system, where, during its evolution, the primary had transferred material to the secondary. It is argued in the paper that the change in $\dot{M}$ can happen because of a change in the mass accretion efficiency ($\eta$) of the companion star. It is possible that before $\sim 6500(v_{\mathrm{w}}/10km{s}^{-1}{)}^{-1}$years prior to the explosion, $\eta$ was high, thus the CSM was tenuous, which causes the late time downturn in fluxes. In the case of SN 2011dh, the late time evolution is found to be consistent with a wind medium with $\dot{M}/v_{\mathrm{w}}=4\times 10^{-6}{M}_{\odot }y{r}^{-1}/10km{s}^{-1}$. It is difficult from our analysis to predict whether the progenitor of this SN had a binary companion, however, if future observations show similar decrease in radio and X-ray fluxes, then that would give strong support to a scenario where both SNe had undergone similar kind of binary evolution before explosion.

arXiv comment13 pages, 10 figures; Accepted for publication in ApJ

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