X-ray emission from radiative shocks in Type II supernovae

Abstract

The X-ray emission from the circumstellar interaction in Type II supernovae with a dense circumstellar medium is calculated. In Type IIL and Type IIn supernovae mass loss rates are generally high enough for the region behind the reverse shock to be radiative, producing strong radiation, particularly in X-rays. We present a model for the emission from the cooling region in the case of a radiative reverse shock. Under the assumption of a stationary flow, a hydrodynamic model is combined with time dependent ionization balance and multilevel calculations. The applicability of the steady state approximation is discussed for various values of the ejecta density gradient and different sets of chemical composition. We show how the emerging spectrum depends strongly on the reverse shock velocity and the composition of the shocked gas. We discuss differences between a spectrum produced by this model and a single-temperature spectrum. Large differences for especially the line emission are found, which seriously can affect abundance estimates. We also illustrate the effects of absorption in the cool shocked ejecta. The applicability of our model for various types of supernovae is discussed.

arXiv comment25 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (25)

• Ionization balance for optically thin plasmas: rate coefficients for all atoms and ions of the elements H to Ni
• Stellar evolution with rotation VIII: Models at Z = 10^{-5} and CNO yields for early galactic evolution
• The Expulsion of Stellar Envelopes in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Stellar evolution with rotation X: Wolf-Rayet star populations at solar metallicity
• Atomic data for astrophysics. I. Radiative recombination rates for H-like, He-like, Li-like and Na-like ions over a broad range of temperature
• Gamma-Ray Burst Environments and Progenitors
• Non-spherical Core Collapse Supernovae I. Neutrino-Driven Convection, Rayleigh-Taylor Instabilities, and the Formation and Propagation of Metal Clumps
• CHIANTI - an Atomic Database for Emission Lines. Paper VI: Proton Rates and Other Improvements
• Optical and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of SN 1995N: Evidence for Strong Circumstellar Interaction
• X-ray, Optical, and Radio Observations of the Type II Supernovae 1999em and 1998S
• Cassiopeia A and its Clumpy Presupernova Wind
• Chandra X-ray Observations of the Spiral Galaxy M81
• Supernova Interaction with a Circumstellar Medium
• Discovery of Outlying, High-Velocity Oxygen-Rich Ejecta in Cassiopeia A
• The X-ray Spectrum of Supernova Remnant 1987A
• X-Ray Supernovae
• Instabilities and Mixing in SN 1993J
• The X-ray Spectrum and Light Curve of Supernova 1995N
• Fast Radiative Shocks in Dense Media. III. Properties of the Emission
• Recent X-Ray Observations of SN1986J with ASCA and ROSAT
• Dynamics and Radiation of Young Type-Ia Supernova Remnants: Important Physical Processes
• Chandra's tryst with SN 1995N
• Chandra ACIS and Newton EPIC Observations of the X-ray Luminous SN1978K in NGC 1313
• Chandra X-Ray Point Sources, including Supernova 1979C, in the Spiral Galaxy M100
• Chandra and ASCA X-ray Observations of the Radio Supernova SN1979C IN NGC 4321

Cited by in corpus (39)

• Carnegie Supernova Project: Observations of Type IIn supernovae
• Optical Signatures of Circumstellar Interaction in Type IIP Supernovae
• Thermal and non-thermal emission from circumstellar interaction
• Supernova 1996cr: SN 1987A's Wild Cousin?
• Type IIP Supernova SN 2004et: A Multi-Wavelength Study in X-Ray, Optical and Radio
• X-rays from the explosion site: Fifteen years of light curves of SN 1993J
• Oblique Shock Breakout in Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursts: I. Dynamics and Observational Implications
• Circumstellar interaction in supernovae in dense environments - an observational perspective
• Emission lines due to ionizing radiation from a compact object in the remnant of Supernova 1987A
• The Multi-Dimensional Structure of Radiative Shocks: Suppressed Thermal X-rays and Relativistic Ion Acceleration
• Probing Final Stages of Stellar Evolution with X-Ray Observations of SN 2013ej
• Optical to X-ray Signatures of Dense Circumstellar Interaction in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• SN 2005ip: A Luminous Type IIn Supernova Emerging from a Dense Circumstellar Medium as Revealed by X-Ray Observations
• A Closer Look at the Fluctuations in Brightness of SN 2009ip During Its Late 2012 Eruption
• Non-spherical core collapse supernovae III. Evolution towards homology and dependence on the numerical resolution
• Modeling the X-ray emission of SN 1993J
• The progenitor of SN 2011ja: Clues from circumstellar interaction
• Thermal Emission and Radioactive Lines, but No Pulsar, in the Broadband X-Ray Spectrum of Supernova 1987A
• Interaction of SN~Ib 2004dk with a Previously-Expelled Envelope
• The Impact of Progenitor Mass Loss on the Dynamical and Spectral Evolution of Supernova Remnants
• Coronal emission from the shocked circumstellar ring of SN 1987A
• Evolution of the progenitors of SNe 1993J and 2011dh revealed through late time radio and X-ray studies
• X-Ray emission from SN 2004dj: A Tale of Two Shocks
• Exploring the Gamma-Ray Emissivity of Young Supernova Remnants I: Hadronic Emission
• Spectral Evolution of the X-Ray Remnant of SN 1987A: A High-Resolution $Chandra$ HETG Study
• The influence of frequency-dependent radiative transfer on the structures of radiative shocks
• Searching for the expelled hydrogen envelope in Type I supernovae via late-time H-alpha emission
• Reverse and Forward Shock X-ray Emission in an Evolutionary Model of Supernova Remnants undergoing Efficient Diffusive Shock Acceleration
• Late-time Hubble Space Telescope Observations of AT 2018cow. II. Evolution of a UV bright Underlying Source 2--4 Yr Post-discovery
• Dust Production in a Thin Dense Shell in Supernovae with Early Circumstellar Interactions
• XMM-Newton and Swift observations of the Type IIb SN 2011dh in Messier 51
• The Exceptional X-ray Evolution of SN1996cr in High Resolution
• Type IIP supernova SN 2016X in radio frequencies
• Kinematics of Supernova Remnants: Status of X-Ray Observations
• Theoretical X-ray light curves of young SNe II: the example of SN 2013ej
• SN 2019hcc: A Type II Supernova Displaying Early O II Lines
• X-ray Transmission Through Photoionized Gas with Moderate Thomson Optical Depth
• Target Design for XUV Probing of Radiative Shock Experiments
• Massive stars as thermonuclear reactors and their explosions following core collapse