Atmospheres on Nonsynchronized Eccentric-tilted Exoplanets I: Dynamical Regimes

Abstract

Relatively long-period nonsynchronized planets---such as warm Jupiters---potentially retain the primordial rotation, eccentricity, and obliquity that might encapsulate information on planetary climate and formation processes. To date, there has not been a systematic study on climate patterns on these planets that will significantly influence their observations. Here we investigate the atmospheric dynamics of nonsynchronized, fast-rotating exoplanets across various radiative timescales, eccentricities, and obliquities using a shallow water model. The dynamical pattern can be demarcated into five regimes in terms of radiative timescale ${\tau }_{\mathrm{rad}}$ and obliquity $\theta$. An atmosphere with ${\tau }_{\mathrm{rad}}$ shorter than a planetary day usually exhibits a strong day--night temperature contrast and a day-to-night flow pattern. In the intermediate ${\tau }_{\mathrm{rad}}$ regime between a planetary day and a year, the atmosphere is dominated by steady temperature and eastward jet patterns for $\theta$ < 18 deg but shows a strong seasonal variation for $\theta$ > 18 deg because the polar region undergoes an intense heating at around the summer solstice. If ${\tau }_{\mathrm{rad}}$ is longer than a year, seasonal variation is very weak. In this regime, eastward jets are developed for $\theta$ < 54 deg and westward jets are developed for $\theta$ > 54 deg. These dynamical regimes are also applicable to the planets in eccentric orbits. The large effects of exoplanetary obliquities on circulation patterns might offer observational signatures, which will be investigated in Paper II of this study.

19 pages, 12 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (47)

• The Occurrence and Architecture of Exoplanetary Systems
• Atmospheric Circulation and Tides of "51Peg b-like" Planets
• Atmospheric circulation of hot Jupiters: Coupled radiative-dynamical general circulation model simulations of HD 189733b and HD 209458b
• Equatorial superrotation on tidally locked exoplanets
• Giant Planets at Small Orbital Distances
• Tidal Decay of Close Planetary Orbits
• Dynamic Meteorology at the Photosphere of HD 209458b
• Magnetic Drag on Hot Jupiter Atmospheric Winds
• Atmospheric Circulation of Hot Jupiters: Dayside-Nightside Temperature Differences
• Atmospheric Heat Redistribution on Hot Jupiters
• The atmospheric circulation of a nine-hot Jupiter sample: Probing circulation and chemistry over a wide phase space
• Three-Dimensional Atmospheric Circulation Models of HD 189733b and HD 209458b with Consistent Magnetic Drag and Ohmic Dissipation
• A General Circulation Model for Gaseous Exoplanets with Double-Gray Radiative Transfer
• Atmospheric Dynamics of Short-period Extra Solar Gas Giant Planets I: Dependence of Night-Side Temperature on Opacity
• Atmospheric Circulation of Eccentric Hot Neptune GJ436b
• Obliquity Tides on Hot Jupiters
• A Model for Thermal Phase Variations of Circular and Eccentric Exoplanets
• Photometric and spectroscopic detection of the primary transit of the 111-day-period planet HD 80606 b
• Atmospheric Circulation of Hot Jupiters: Dayside-Nightside Temperature Differences. II. Comparison with Observations
• Magnetic Effects in Hot Jupiter Atmospheres
• Mechanisms of jet formation on the giant planets
• Generation of equatorial jets by large-scale latent heating on the giant planets
• 3D modeling of GJ1214b's atmosphere: vertical mixing driven by an anti-Hadley circulation
• The Mechanical Greenhouse: Burial of Heat by Turbulence in Hot Jupiter Atmospheres
• Atmospheric circulation of tidally locked exoplanets: II. Dual-band radiative transfer and convective adjustment
• Three-dimensional atmospheric circulation of hot Jupiters on highly eccentric orbits
• Effects of Bulk Composition on The Atmospheric Dynamics on Close-in Exoplanets
• Atmospheric Circulation of Brown Dwarfs: Jets, Vortices, and Time Variability
• Hydrodynamic Simulations of Unevenly Irradiated Jovian Planets
• The atmospheric circulation of the super Earth GJ 1214b: Dependence on composition and metallicity
• Atmospheric circulation of hot Jupiters: insensitivity to initial conditions
• Consequences of Giant Impacts on Early Uranus for Rotation, Internal Structure, Debris, and Atmospheric Erosion
• Results from a set of three-dimensional numerical experiments of a hot Jupiter atmosphere
• Wave-Mean Flow Interactions in the Atmospheric Circulation of Tidally Locked Planets
• Global-mean Vertical Tracer Mixing in Planetary Atmospheres II: Tidally Locked Planets
• Circulation and Dissipation on Hot Jupiters
• Atmospheric Circulation of Eccentric Hot Jupiter HAT-P-2b
• Observational Consequences of Hydrodynamic Flows on Hot Jupiters
• Obliquity and Eccentricity Constraints For Terrestrial Exoplanets
• A High-performance Atmospheric Radiation Package: with applications to the radiative energy budgets of giant planets
• Obliquity Tides May Drive WASP-12b's Rapid Orbital Decay
• Tilting Saturn without tilting Jupiter: Constraints on giant planet migration
• The thermal phase curve offset on tidally- and non-tidally-locked exoplanets: A shallow water model
• Models of Warm Jupiter Atmospheres: Observable Signatures of Obliquity
• Atmospheric Circulation and Thermal Phase-Curve Offset of Tidally and Non-Tidally Locked Terrestrial Exoplanets
• Atmospheres on Nonsynchronized Eccentric-tilted Exoplanets II: Thermal Light Curves
• The Exchange of Mass and Angular Momentum in the Impact Event of Ice Giant Planets: Implications for the origin of Uranus

Cited by in corpus (21)

• Atmospheric Dynamics of Hot Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs
• Atmospheric Regimes and Trends on Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs
• Grid of Pseudo-2D Chemistry Models for Tidally-Locked Exoplanets. I. The Role of Vertical and Horizontal Mixing
• Clouds of Fluffy Aggregates: How They Form in Exoplanetary Atmospheres and Influence Transmission Spectra
• Excitation of Planetary Obliquities Through Planet-Disk Interactions
• Re-inflation of warm and hot Jupiters
• Atmospheres on Nonsynchronized Eccentric-tilted Exoplanets II: Thermal Light Curves
• Wetter Stratospheres on High Obliquity Planets
• Signatures of Obliquity in Thermal Phase Curves of Hot Jupiters
• Atmospheric dynamics on terrestrial planets with eccentric orbits
• Higher Water Loss on Earth-like Exoplanets in Eccentric Orbits
• The Key Factors Controlling the Seasonality of Planetary Climate
• Inner Habitable Zone Boundary for Eccentric Exoplanets
• Warm Jupiters Beyond the Tidal Synchronization Limit May Exhibit a Wide Range of Secondary Eclipse Depths
• Weak Seasonality on Temperate Exoplanets Around Low-mass Stars
• Plausibility of Capture into High-Obliquity States for Exoplanets in the M Dwarf Habitable Zone
• Oceanic Superrotation on Tidally Locked Planets
• The climates and thermal emission spectra of prime nearby temperate rocky exoplanet targets
• Examining the detectability of ringing on highly eccentric exoplanets
• Mechanisms of Superrotation in Slowly-Rotating and Tidally-Locked Planets
• Planetary Rhythms: Synchronous Circulation on Variably Irradiated Asynchronous Planets