Anomalous Spin-Orbit Torques in Magnetic Single-Layer Films

Abstract

Spin-orbit interaction (SOI) couples charge and spin transport, enabling electrical control of magnetization. A quintessential example of SOI-induced transport is the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), first observed in 1880, in which an electric current perpendicular to the magnetization in a magnetic film generates charge accumulation on the surfaces. Here we report the observation of a counterpart of the AHE that we term the anomalous spin-orbit torque (ASOT), wherein an electric current parallel to the magnetization generates opposite spin-orbit torques on the surfaces of the magnetic film. We interpret the ASOT as due to a spin-Hall-like current generated with an efficiency of 0.053+/-0.003 in Ni80Fe20, comparable to the spin Hall angle of Pt. Similar effects are also observed in other common ferromagnetic metals, including Co, Ni, and Fe. First principles calculations corroborate the order of magnitude of the measured values. This work suggests that a strong spin current with spin polarization transverse to magnetization can exist in a ferromagnet, despite spin dephasing. It challenges the current understanding of spin-orbit torque in magnetic/nonmagnetic bilayers, in which the charge-spin conversion in the magnetic layer has been largely neglected.

arXiv comment23 pages, 3 figures and 1 table

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Cited by in corpus (58)

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• Efficient conversion of orbital Hall current to spin current for spin-orbit torque switching
• Observation of long-range orbital transport and giant orbital torque
• Giant orbital Hall effect and orbital-to-spin conversion in 3d, 5d, and 4f metallic heterostructures
• Magneto-Optical Detection of the Orbital Hall Effect in Chromium
• Theory of Current-Induced Angular Momentum Transfer Dynamics in Spin-Orbit Coupled Systems
• Electrical control of magnetism by electric field and current-induced torques
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• Néel Spin Currents in Antiferromagnets
• Perspectives of Electrically generated spin currents in ferromagnetic materials
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• Origin of the Magnetic Spin Hall Effect: Spin Current Vorticity in the Fermi Sea
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• Highly efficient spin orbit torque in Pt/Co/Ir multilayers with antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling
• Interfacial contributions to spin-orbit torque and magnetoresistance in ferromagnet/heavy-metal bilayers
• Non-Collinear Spin Current for Switching of Chiral Magnetic Textures
• Emerging spintronics phenomena and applications
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• Gigantic Anisotropy of Self-Induced Spin-Orbit Torque in Weyl Ferromagnet Co2MnGa
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• Self-induced inverse spin Hall effect in ferromagnets: demonstration through non-monotonous temperature-dependence in permalloy
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• Tuning spin-orbit torques across the phase transition in VO${}_2$/NiFe heterostructure
• Large interfacial spin-orbit torques in layered antiferromagnetic insulator NiPS${}_3$/ferromagnet bilayers
• Interface transparency to orbital current
• Effect of interfacial intermixing on spin-orbit torque in Co/Pt bilayers
• Anomalous sign inversion of spin-orbit torque in ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic bilayer systems due to self-induced spin-orbit torque
• Semi-realistic tight-binding model for spin-orbit torques
• Independence of the inverse spin Hall effect with the magnetic phase in thin NiCu films
• Observation of gigantic spin conversion anisotropy in bismuth
• Write asymmetry of spin-orbit torque memory induced by in-plane magnetic fields
• Tunable spin and orbital torques in Cu-based magnetic heterostructures
• Interfacial Spin-Orbit Torques and Magnetic Anisotropy in WSe${}_2$/Permalloy Bilayers
• Phase-resolved electrical detection of coherently coupled magnonic devices
• Vertically Graded Fe-Ni Alloys with Low Damping and a Sizeable Spin-Orbit Torque
• Ultra-low-current-density single-layer magnetic Weyl semimetal spin Hall nano-oscillators
• The Role of Self-Torques in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide/Ferromagnet Bilayers
• Ferrimagnet GdFeCo characterization for spin-orbitronics: large field-like and damping-like torques
• Parametric resonance of spin waves in ferromagnetic nanowires tuned by spin Hall torque
• Large spin-orbit torque in a-plane $\alpha$-Fe${}_2$O${}_3$/Pt bilayers
• Visualization of out-of-plane spin generation in mirror symmetry broken Co
• Theoretical study of orbital torque: Dependence on ferromagnet species and nonmagnetic layer thickness
• Giant orbital magnetoresistance in the antiferromagnet CoO driven by dynamic orbital angular momentum interaction
• First-principles calculations of spin-orbit torques in Mn${}_2$Au/heavy-metal bilayers
• Theory of magnetic spin and orbital Hall and Nernst effects in bulk ferromagnets
• Perpendicularly Polarized Spin Hall Effects Induced by Spin-Dependent Scattering in Ferromagnetic Metals