Topology optimization of freeform large-area metasurfaces

Abstract

We demonstrate optimization of optical metasurfaces over $10^5$--$10^6$ degrees of freedom in two and three dimensions, 100--1000+ wavelengths ($\lambda$) in diameter, with 100+ parameters per ${\lambda }^2$. In particular, we show how topology optimization, with one degree of freedom per high-resolution "pixel," can be extended to large areas with the help of a locally periodic approximation that was previously only used for a few parameters per ${\lambda }^2$. In this way, we can computationally discover completely unexpected metasurface designs for challenging multi-frequency, multi-angle problems, including designs for fully coupled multi-layer structures with arbitrary per-layer patterns. Unlike typical metasurface designs based on subwavelength unit cells, our approach can discover both sub- and supra-wavelength patterns and can obtain both the near and far fields.

References in corpus (3)

• Multiwavelength Achromatic Metasurfaces by Dispersive Phase Compensation
• Electromagnetic Wave Source Conditions
• Photon Torpedoes and Rytov Pinwheels: Integral-Equation Modeling of Non-Equilibrium Fluctuation-Induced Forces and Torques on Nanoparticles

Cited by in corpus (21)

• Inverse design in photonics by topology optimization: tutorial
• Active learning of deep surrogates for PDEs: Application to metasurface design
• Inverse design of photonic devices with strict foundry fabrication constraints
• End-to-end metasurface inverse design for single-shot multi-channel imaging
• Inverse Designed Extended Depth of Focus Meta-Optics for Broadband Imaging in the Visible
• Computational inverse design for ultra-compact single-piece metalenses free of chromatic and angular aberration
• Compact 200 line MATLAB code for inverse design in photonics by topology optimization: tutorial
• Machine Learning Framework for Quantum Sampling of Highly-Constrained, Continuous Optimization Problems
• Designing Collective Non-local Responses of Metasurfaces
• Fast and Accurate Optimization of Metasurfaces with Gradient Descent and the Woodbury Matrix Identity
• Heuristic Methods and Performance Bounds for Photonic Design
• Deep Convolutional Neural Networks to Predict Mutual Coupling Effects in Metasurfaces
• Scalable freeform optimization of wide-aperture 3D metalenses by zoned discrete axisymmetry
• Differentiable Scattering Matrix for Optimization of Photonic Structures
• Windowed Green function method for wave scattering by periodic arrays of 2D obstacles
• Tunable metasurface inverse design for 80% switching efficiencies and 144${}^{\circ }$ angular steering
• Efficient perturbative framework for coupling of radiative and guided modes in nearly periodic surfaces
• Designing metasurface optical interfaces for solid-state qubits using many-body adjoint shape optimization
• Fast approximate solvers for metamaterials design in electromagnetism
• Gradient-based optimization of scatterer arrangements based on the T-matrix method
• Inverse design and flexible parameterization of meta-optics using algorithmic differentiation