Randomness expansion secured by quantum contextuality

Abstract

The output randomness from a random number generator can be certified by observing the violation of quantum contextuality inequalities based on the Kochen-Specker theorem. Contextuality can be tested in a single quantum system, which significantly simplifies the experimental requirements to observe the violation comparing to the ones based on nonlocality tests. However, it is not yet resolved how to ensure compatibilities for sequential measurements that is required in contextuality tests. Here, we employ a modified Klyachko-Can-Binicioğlu-Shumovsky contextuality inequality, which can ease the strict compatibility requirement on measurements. On a trapped single \Ba ion system, we experimentally demonstrate violation of the contextuality inequality and realize self-testing quantum random number expansion by closing detection loopholes. We perform $1.29\times 10^8$ trials of experiments and extract the randomness of $8.06\times 10^5$ bits with a speed of 270 bits s${}^{-1}$. Our demonstration paves the way for the practical high-speed spot-checking quantum random number expansion and other secure information processing applications.

arXiv commentMain text: 12 pages, 5 figures, Supplementary Materials: 5 pages

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Cited by in corpus (10)

• Kochen-Specker Contextuality
• Certified randomness in tight space
• Semi-device independent randomness certification using Mermin's proof of Kochen-Specker contextuality
• Connecting XOR and XOR* games
• A computational test of quantum contextuality, and even simpler proofs of quantumness
• Self-testing in a constrained prepare-measure scenario sans assuming quantum dimension
• Contextuality of Quantum Error-Correcting Codes
• Exploring the boundary of quantum correlations with a time-domain optical processor
• Twenty years of quantum contextuality at USTC
• Contextuality from the vacuum