The atmospheric circulation and climate of terrestrial planets orbiting Sun-like and M-dwarf stars over a broad range of planetary parameters

Abstract

The recent detections of temperate terrestrial planets orbiting nearby stars and the promise of characterizing their atmospheres motivates a need to understand how the diversity of possible planetary parameters affects the climate of terrestrial planets. In this work, we investigate the atmospheric circulation and climate of terrestrial exoplanets orbiting both Sun-like and M-dwarf stars over a wide swath of possible planetary parameters, including the planetary rotation period, surface pressure, incident stellar flux, surface gravity, planetary radius, and cloud particle size. We do so using a general circulation model (GCM) that includes non-grey radiative transfer and the effects of clouds. The results from this suite of simulations generally show qualitatively similar dependencies of circulation and climate on planetary parameters as idealized GCMs, with quantitative differences due to the inclusion of additional model physics. Notably, we find that the effective cloud particle size is a key unknown parameter that can greatly affect the climate of terrestrial exoplanets. We confirm a transition between low and high dayside cloud coverage of synchronously rotating terrestrial planets with increasing rotation period. We determine that this cloud transition is due to eddy-driven convergence near the substellar point and should not be parameterization-dependent. Finally, we compute full-phase light curves from our simulations of planets orbiting M-dwarf stars, finding that changing incident stellar flux and rotation period affect observable properties of terrestrial exoplanets. Our GCM results can guide expectations for planetary climate over the broad range of possible terrestrial exoplanets that will be observed with future space telescopes.

21 pages, 19 figures, 5 tables. Updated to reflect published version

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• The Effect of Substellar Continent Size on Ocean Dynamics of Proxima Centauri b
• Simulated Phase-dependent Spectra of Terrestrial Aquaplanets in M Dwarf Systems
• Implications of different stellar spectra for the climate of tidally-locked Earth-like exoplanets
• Effects of Radius and Gravity on the Inner Edge of the Habitable Zone
• Atmospheres on Nonsynchronized Eccentric-tilted Exoplanets II: Thermal Light Curves
• How does Background Air Pressure Influence the Inner Edge of the Habitable Zone for Tidally Locked Planets in a 3D View?
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• Atmospheric dynamics of temperate sub-Neptunes. Part I: dry dynamics
• The Sparse Atmospheric MOdel Sampling Analysis (SAMOSA) intercomparison: Motivations and protocol version 1.0. A CUISINES model intercomparison project
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• Finding Signs of Life in Transit: High-resolution Transmission Spectra of Earth-like Planets around FGKM Host Stars
• The emergence of a summer hemisphere jet in planetary atmospheres
• Tidal evolution of Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of low-mass stars
• The Importance of 3D General Circulation Models for Characterizing the Climate and Habitability of Terrestrial Extrasolar Planets
• Impact of Planetary Parameters on Water Clouds Microphysics
• Increased Surface Temperatures of Habitable White Dwarf Worlds Relative to Main-Sequence Exoplanets
• Asymmetry and Variability in the Transmission Spectra of Tidally Locked Habitable Planets