The SFR-M${}_{\ast }$ Correlation Extends to Low Mass at High Redshift

Abstract

To achieve a fuller understanding of galaxy evolution, SED fitting can be used to recover quantities beyond stellar masses (M${}_{\ast }$) and star formation rates (SFRs). We use Star Formation Histories (SFHs) reconstructed via the Dense Basis method of Iyer \& Gawiser (2017) for a sample of $17,873$ galaxies at $0.5<z<6$ in the CANDELS GOODS-S field to study the nature and evolution of the SFR-M${}_{\ast }$ correlation. The reconstructed SFHs represent trajectories in SFR-M${}_{\ast }$ space, enabling us to study galaxies at epochs earlier than observed by propagating them backwards in time along these trajectories. We study the SFR-M${}_{\ast }$ correlation at $z=1,2,3,4,5,6$ using both direct fits to galaxies observed at those epochs and SFR-M${}_{\ast }$ trajectories of galaxies observed at lower redshifts. The SFR-M${}_{\ast }$ correlations obtained using the two approaches are found to be consistent with each other through a KS test. Validation tests using SFHs from semi-analytic models and cosmological hydrodynamical simulations confirm the sensitivity of the method to changes in the slope, normalization and shape of the SFR-M${}_{\ast }$ correlation. This technique allows us to further probe the low-mass regime of the correlation at high-z by $\sim 1$ dex and over an effective volume of $\sim 10\times$ larger than possible with just direct fits. We find that the SFR-M${}_{\ast }$ correlation is consistent with being linear down to M${}_{\ast }\sim 10^7{M}_{\odot }$ at $z>4$. The evolution of the correlation is well described by $\log SFR=(0.80\pm 0.029-0.017\pm 0.010\times t_{univ})\log M_{\ast }$ $-(6.487\pm 0.282-0.039\pm 0.008\times t_{univ})$, where $t_{univ}$ is the age of the universe in Gyr.

arXiv comment22 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

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