Odderon and proton substructure from a model-independent Levy imaging of elastic $pp$ and $p\bar{p}$ collisions

Abstract

We describe a new and model-independent Lévy imaging method of quality fits to the published datasets and reconstruct the amplitude of high-energy $pp$ and $p\bar{p}$ elastic scattering processes. This method allows us to determine the excitation function of the shadow profile $P(b)$, the elastic slope $B(t)$ and the nuclear phase $\varphi (t)$ functions of $pp$ and $p\bar{p}$ collisions directly from the data. Surprisingly, notable qualitative differences in $B(t)$ for $pp$ and for $p\bar{p}$ collisions point towards an Odderon effect. As a by-product, we clearly identify the proton substructure with two different sizes at the ISR and LHC energies, that has striking similarity to a dressed quark (at the ISR) and a dressed diquark (at the LHC). We present model-independent results for the corresponding sizes and cross-sections for such a substructure for the existing data at different energies.

52 pages, 42 figures; author's recommended version as minor typos in the EPJ C published version are also fixed here

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• Central exclusive diffractive production of $K^{+}{K}^{-}{K}^{+}{K}^{-}$ via the intermediate $\varphi \varphi$ state in proton-proton collisions
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• Recent Results from the CERN LHC Experiment TOTEM -- Implications for Odderon Exchange
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• Soft Pomeron in light of the LHC correlated data
• Searching for the Odderon in the diffractive $f_2(1270)$ photoproduction at $pA$ collisions