3D mapping of the neutral X-ray absorption in the local interstellar medium: The Gaia and XMM-Newton synergy

Abstract

We present a three-dimensional map of the hydrogen density distribution in the Galactic interstellar medium. The hydrogen equivalent column densities were obtained from the Exploring the X-ray Transient and variable Sky project ({\sc EXTraS}) which provides equivalent $N_{\mathrm{H}}$ values from X-ray spectral fits of observations within the {\it XMM-Newton} Data Release. {\sc EXTraS} include multiple fits for each source, allowing an accurate determination of the equivalent column densities, which depends on the continuum modeling of the spectra. A cross-correlation between the {\sc EXTraS} catalogue and the first {\it Gaia} Data Release was performed in order to obtain accurate parallax and distance measurements. We use a Bayesian method explained in \citet{rez17} in order to predict the most probable distribution of the density at any arbitrary point, even for lines of sight along which there are no initial observation. The resulting map shows small-scale density structures which can not been modeled by using analytic density profiles. In this paper we present a proof of concept of the kind of science possible with the synergy of these catalogs. However, given the systematic uncertainties connected to the source identification and to the dependence of $N_{\mathrm{H}}$ on the spectral model, the present maps should be considered qualitatively at this point.

References in corpus (53)

• The Gaia mission
• On the Absorption of X-rays in the Interstellar Medium
• The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections
• The Milky Way in Molecular Clouds: A New Complete CO Survey
• Gaia Data Release 1. Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties
• The Interstellar Environment of our Galaxy
• Calibration of X-ray absorption in our Galaxy
• Cold gas accretion in galaxies
• X-ray astronomy of stellar coronae (Review)
• The Wisconsin H-Alpha Mapper Northern Sky Survey
• The XMM-Newton serendipitous survey. VII. The third XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue
• The observed spiral structure of the Milky Way
• X-Ray Spectroscopy of Stars
• Global properties of the HI distribution in the outer Milky Way
• The Effelsberg-Bonn HI Survey: Milky Way gas. First data release
• A Large Catalog of Accurate Distances to Molecular Clouds from PS1 Photometry
• Disk-Halo Interaction - I. Three-Dimensional Evolution of the Galactic Disk
• The X-ray cluster survey with eROSITA: forecasts for cosmology, cluster physics and primordial non-Gaussianity
• Estimating distances from parallaxes. II. Performance of Bayesian distance estimators on a Gaia-like catalogue
• Estimating distances from parallaxes. III. Distances of two million stars in the Gaia DR1 catalogue
• High-Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy of the Interstellar Medium: Structure at the Oxygen Absorption Edge
• The XMM-Newton view of the central degrees of the Milky Way
• A high sensitivity HI survey of the sky at delta < -25 deg Final data release
• The supernova-regulated ISM. I. The multi-phase structure
• High-Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy of the Interstellar Medium II: Neon and Iron Absorption Edges
• ISM composition through X-ray spectroscopy of LMXBs
• The First High Resolution X-ray Spectrum of Cyg X-1: Soft X-Ray Ionization and Absorption
• A dynamical model of supernova feedback: gas outflows from the interstellar medium
• Cold Milky Way Hi gas in filaments
• High-Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy of the Interstellar Medium
• eROSITA on SRG
• The NuSTAR Serendipitous Survey: The 40 month Catalog and the Properties of the Distant High Energy X-ray Source Population
• O and Ne K absorption edge structures and interstellar abundance towards Cyg X-2
• Cross-correlation of the 2XMMi catalogue with Data Release 7 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• The XMM-Newton bright serendipitous survey. Identification and optical spectral properties
• An XMM-Newton Survey of the Soft X-ray Background. I. The O VII and O VIII Lines Between l=120 and l=240
• High resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the multiphase interstellar medium toward Cyg X-2
• ISMabs: a comprehensive X-ray absorption model for the interstellar medium
• X-Ray Detection of Warm Ionized Matter in the Galactic Halo
• Photoionization modeling of oxygen K absorption in the interstellar medium:the Chandra grating spectra of XTE J1817-330
• Investigating the interstellar dust through the Fe K-edge
• Wavelength Measurements of K Transitions of Oxygen, Neon, and Magnesium with X-ray Absorption Lines
• Models for the 3-D axisymmetric gravitational potential of the Milky Way Galaxy - A detailed modelling of the Galactic disk
• Oxygen, neon, and iron X-ray absorption in the local interstellar medium
• Inferring the three-dimensional distribution of dust in the Galaxy with a non-parametric method: Preparing for Gaia
• Probing the structure of the gas in the Milky Way through X-ray high resolution spectroscopy
• Physical properties of the interstellar medium using high-resolution Chandra spectra: O K-edge absorption
• Automatic classification of time-variable X-ray sources
• All-sky census of Galactic high-latitude molecular intermediate-velocity clouds
• Stationary models for the extra-planar gas in disc galaxies
• Carbon X-ray absorption in the local ISM: fingerprints in X-ray Novae spectra
• On the detectability of CO molecules in the Interstellar Medium via X-ray spectroscopy
• Condensed Matter Astrophysics: A Prescription for Determining the Species-Specific Composition and Quantity of Interstellar Dust using X-rays

Cited by in corpus (4)

• The EXTraS Project: Exploring the X-ray transient and variable sky
• Nitrogen X-ray absorption in the local ISM
• Argon X-ray absorption in the local ISM
• SRG/eROSITA 3D mapping of the ISM using X-ray absorption spectroscopy