Single photon detection with SiPMs irradiated up to 10${}^{14}$ cm${}^{-2}$ 1-MeV-equivalent neutron fluence

Abstract

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) are solid state light detectors with sensitivity to single photons. Their use in high energy physics experiments, and in particular in ring imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detectors, is hindered by their poor tolerance to radiation. At room temperature the large increase in dark count rate makes single photon detection practically impossible already at 10${}^{11}$ cm${}^{-2}$ 1-MeV-equivalent neutron fluence. The neutron fluences foreseen by many subdetectors to be operated at the high luminosity LHC range up to 10${}^{14}$ cm${}^{-2}$ 1-MeV-equivalent. In this paper we present the effects of such high neutron fluences on Hamamatsu and SensL SiPMs of different cell size. The advantage of annealing at high temperature (up to 175 ${}^{\circ }$C) is discussed. We demonstrate that, after annealing, operation at the single photon level with a SiPM irradiated up to 10${}^{14}$ cm${}^{-2}$ 1-MeV-equivalent neutron fluence is possible at cryogenic temperature (77 K) with a dark count rate below 1~kHz.

References in corpus (6)

• Radiation Hardness Tests of SiPMs for the JLab Hall D Barrel Calorimeter
• Radiation Damage Studies of Silicon Photomultipliers
• Silicon Photo-Multiplier radiation hardness tests with a beam controlled neutron source
• Neutron irradiation effect on SiPMs up to ${\Phi }_{neq}$ = 5 $\times$ 10${}^{14}$ cm${}^{-2}$
• The Future of RICH Detectors through the Light of the LHCb RICH
• Radiation Hardness tests with neutron flux on different Silicon photomultiplier devices

Cited by in corpus (8)

• Radiation damage of SiPMs
• SiPM-based neutron Anger camera with auto-calibration capabilities
• Single photon time resolution of photodetectors at high rate: Hamamatsu R13742 MaPMT and R10754 MCP-PMT
• Beam test studies for a SiPM-based RICH detector prototype for the future ALICE~3 experiment
• A Multi-Function Radiation-Hardened HV and LV Linear Regulator for SiPM-based HEP Detectors
• ALDO2, a multi-function rad-hard linear regulator for SiPM-based HEP detectors
• R&D Efforts in Cherenkov Imaging Technologies for Particle Identification in Future Experiments
• Characterisation of SiPM radiation hardness for application in hadron calorimeters at FAIR, CERN and NICA