Testing the nature of Dark Energy with Precision Cosmological constraints

Abstract

We present a Dark Energy (DE) model with a sound derivation as a natural extension of the Standard Model of particle physics with no free parameters and an excellent fit with current cosmological data improving by 21% the $\Lambda$CDM fit of the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) measurements, specially designed to determine the dynamics of DE. DE corresponds to the lightest bound state scalar particle $\varphi$ with a potential $V={\Lambda }_c^{4+2/3}{\varphi }^{-2/3}$ dynamically formed at the condensation energy scale ${\Lambda }_c$ and scale factor $a_c$. The value of ${\Lambda }_c$, the exponent $n=2/3$, and the initial conditions of $\varphi$ are all derived quantities. We obtain an exact constraint $a_c{\Lambda }_c/\text{eV}=1.0939\times 10^{-4}$ and a theoretical prediction ${\Lambda }_c=34_{-11}^{+16}\text{ eV}$, consistent with the best fit ${\Lambda }_c=44.08\pm 0.27\text{ eV}$. We test our model constraint on $a_c{\Lambda }_c$ by allowing $a_c$ and ${\Lambda }_c$ to vary independently and remarkably our prediction has a relative difference of only 0.2% with the best fit value. Unlike a cosmological constant $\Lambda$, our DE model predicts the amount of DE and leaves detectable cosmological imprints at different times and scales at a background and perturbation level.

arXiv comment7 pages, 5 figures

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