The Telltale Heartbeat: Detection and Characterization of Eccentric Orbiting Planets via Tides on their Host Star

Abstract

We present an analytic description of tides raised on a star by a small orbiting body. In particular, we highlight the disproportionate effect of eccentricity and thus the scope for using these tides to detect and characterise the orbits of exoplanets and brown dwarfs. The tidal distortions of the star produced by an eccentric orbit are, in comparison to a circular orbit, much richer in detail, and potentially visible from any viewing angle. The magnitude of these variations is much larger than that in a circular orbit of the same semi-major axis. These variations are visible in both photometric and spectroscopic data, and dominate other regular sources of phase variability (e.g reflection and Doppler beaming) over a particularly interesting portion of parameter space. These tidal signatures will be a useful tool for planet detection on their own, and used in concert with other methods provide powerful constraints on planetary and stellar properties.

Accepted by ApJ, 23 pages, 13 figures

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• Binary parameters from astrometric and spectroscopic errors--candidate hierarchical triples and massive dark companions in Gaia DR3
• The Weird Detector: Flagging periodic, coherent signals of arbitrary shape in time series photometry
• KOI-3890: A high mass-ratio asteroseismic red-giant$+$M-dwarf eclipsing binary undergoing heartbeat tidal interactions
• Higher Order Harmonics in the Light Curves of Eccentric Planetary Systems
• BEER analysis of Kepler and CoRoT light curves. V. eBEER: Extension of the Algorithm to Eccentric Binaries
• Tidally induced stellar oscillations: converting modelled oscillations excited by hot Jupiters into observables
• The Beam Balance -- Measuring Binary Systems via Relativistic Beaming Signals from Stars and their Companions