An Off-Axis Galaxy Cluster Merger: Abell 0141

Abstract

We present structural analysis results of Abell 0141 ($z$ = 0.23) based on X-ray data. The X-ray luminosity map demonstrates that Abell 0141 (A0141) is a bimodal galaxy cluster, which is separated on the sky by $\sim$ 0.65 Mpc with an elongation along the north-south direction. The optical galaxy density map also demonstrates this bimodality. We estimate sub-cluster ICM temperatures of 5.17${}_{-0.19}^{+0.20}$ keV for A0141N and 5.23${}_{-0.23}^{+0.24}$ keV for A0141S. We obtain X-ray morphological parameters w = 0.034$\pm 0.004$, c = 0.113$\pm 0.004$ and w = 0.039$\pm 0.004$, c = 0.104$\pm 0.005$ for A0141N and A0141S, respectively. The resulting X-ray morphological parameters indicate that both sub-clusters are moderately disturbed non-cool core structures. We find a slight brightness jump in the bridge region, and yet, there is still an absence of strong X-ray emitting gas between sub-clusters. We discover a significantly hotspot ($\sim$ 10 keV) between sub-clusters, and a Mach number $\text{M}$ = 1.69${}_{-0.37}^{+0.40}$ is obtained by using the temperature jump condition. However, we did not find direct evidence for shock-heating between sub-clusters. We estimate the sub-clusters' central entropies as $K_0$ > 100 keV cm${}^2$, which indicates that the sub-clusters are not cool cores. We find some evidence that the system undergoes an off-axis collision; however, the cores of each sub-clusters have not yet been destroyed. Due to the orientation of X-ray tails of sub-clusters, we suggest that the northern sub-cluster moves through the south-west direction, and the southern cluster moves through the north-east direction. In conclusion, we are witnessing an earlier phase of close core passage between sub-clusters.

arXiv comment9 pages, 4 figures

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