Holographic Floquet states II: Floquet condensation of vector mesons in nonequilibrium phase diagram

Abstract

With the aim to reveal universal features of hadronic matter and correlated Dirac insulators in strong AC-electric fields, we study the $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric QCD with a finite quark mass driven by a rotating electric field ${\mathcal{E}}_x+i{\mathcal{E}}_y=E{e}^{i\Omega t}$. The analysis is done in the holographically dual D3/D7 system in the co-rotating frame, effectively. The nonequilibrium phase diagram is determined from the threshold electric field at which the insulator phase breaks down to a conductive phase due to the AC version of the Schwinger mechanism. The external field induces a rotating current ${\mathcal{J}}_x+i{\mathcal{J}}_y=J{e}^{i\Omega t}$ originating from vacuum polarization and dissipative current in the insulating and conductive phases respectively. Intriguing features are observed as the frequency $\Omega$ approaches resonance with the meson excitation energy ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{meson}}$. There, the threshold minimizes and a condensate of vector mesons with oscillating current exists even in the zero driving field limit. This state, which we call Floquet condensate of vector mesons, is expected to be dynamically stable realizing a non-thermal fixed point that breaks time translational and reversal symmetries. Our finding has many similarities with exciton BEC discussed in solid state systems, where the semiconductor is to be replaced by materials hosting gapped Dirac electrons, e.g. 3D topological insulators or bismuth. Vector meson Floquet condensate may also have implications in the pre-thermalized dynamics in heavy ion collision experiments.

36 pages, 15 figures

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• Nonadiabatic Nonlinear Optics and Quantum Geometry -- Application to the Twisted Schwinger Effect
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• Thermodynamics and transport of holographic nodal line semimetals
• Floquet superconductor in holography
• Probing anomalous driving
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• Photonic black resonators and photon stars in AdS${}_5$
• Holographic Floquet states in low dimensions (I)
• Phase Transitions and Conductivties of Floquet Fluids
• Floquet vacuum engineering: Laser-driven chiral soliton lattice in the QCD vacuum
• Flavored extended instanton in QCD
• Geometric Effects on Tunneling in Driven Quantum Systems
• Nonequilibrium steady states in driven holographic Weyl semi-metals