Quantum droplet of one-dimensional bosons with a three-body attraction

Abstract

Ultracold atoms offer valuable opportunities where interparticle interactions can be controlled at will. In particular, by extinguishing the two-body interaction, one can realize unique systems governed by the three-body interaction, which is otherwise hidden behind the two-body interaction. Here we study one-dimensional bosons with a weak three-body attraction and show that they form few-body bound states as well as a many-body droplet stabilized by the quantum mechanical effect. Their binding energies relative to that of three bosons are all universal and the ground-state energy of the dilute droplet is found to grow exponentially as $E_N/E_3\to \exp (8N^2/\sqrt{3}\pi )$ with increasing particle number $N\gg 1$. The realization of our system with coupled two-component bosons in an optical lattice is also discussed.

arXiv comment5 pages; published version

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