Formation of stellar clusters

Abstract

We investigate the triggering of star formation and the formation of stellar clusters in molecular clouds that form as the ISM passes through spiral shocks. The spiral shock compresses gas into $\sim$100 pc long main star formation ridge, where clusters forming every 5-10 pc along the merger ridge. We use a gravitational potential based cluster finding algorithm, which extracts individual clusters, calculates their physical properties and traces cluster evolution over multiple time steps. Final cluster masses at the end of simulation range between 1000 and 30000 M${}_{\odot }$ with their characteristic half-mass radii between 0.1 pc and 2 pc. These clusters form by gathering material from 10-20 pc size scales. Clusters also show a mass - specific angular momentum relation, where more massive clusters have larger specific angular momentum due to the larger size scales, and hence angular momentum from which they gather their mass. The evolution shows that more massive clusters experiences hierarchical merging process, which increases stellar age spreads up to 2-3 Myr. Less massive clusters appear to grow by gathering nearby recently formed sinks, while more massive clusters with their large global gravitational potentials are increasing their mass growth from gas accretion.

10 pages; 13 figures

References in corpus (62)

• Embedded Clusters in Molecular Clouds
• Toward Understanding Massive Star Formation
• Modelling Accretion in Protobinary Systems
• The Formation of a Star Cluster: Predicting the Properties of Stars and Brown Dwarfs
• A Spitzer Survey of Young Stellar Clusters within One Kiloparsec of the Sun: Cluster Core Extraction and Basic Structural Analysis
• The Formation of a Bound Star Cluster: From the Orion Nebula Cluster to the Pleiades
• The hierarchical formation of a stellar cluster
• Global collapse of molecular clouds as a formation mechanism for the most massive stars
• The Spatial Distribution of Star Formation in the Solar Neighbourhood: Do all stars form in clusters?
• Maximally Star-Forming Galactic Disks I. Starburst Regulation Via Feedback-Driven Turbulence
• Massive stars in massive clusters II: Disruption of bound clusters by photoionization
• On the onset of galactic winds in quiescent star forming galaxies
• Before the first supernova: combined effects of HII regions and winds on molecular clouds
• How Many Infrared Dark Clouds can form Massive Stars and Clusters?
• ATLASGAL --- towards a complete sample of massive star forming clumps
• The SILCC (SImulating the LifeCycle of molecular Clouds) project - II. Dynamical evolution of the supernova-driven ISM and the launching of outflows
• Inverse dynamical population synthesis: Constraining the initial conditions of young stellar clusters by studying their binary populations
• On the Rapid Collapse and Evolution of Molecular Clouds
• Fragmentation at the Earliest Phase of Massive Star Formation
• The SILCC project: III. Regulation of star formation and outflows by stellar winds and supernovae
• The Simultaneous Formation of Massive Stars and Stellar Clusters
• The Spitzer Space Telescope Survey of the Orion A and B Molecular Clouds II: the Spatial Distribution and Demographics of Dusty Young Stellar Objects
• The Spatial Structure of Young Stellar Clusters. I. Subclusters
• Kinematic Structure of the Orion Nebula Cluster and its Surroundings
• Ionizing feedback from massive stars in massive clusters III: Disruption of partially unbound clouds
• Radiation-Hydrodynamic Simulations of the Formation of Orion-Like Star Clusters I. Implications for the Origin of the Initial Mass Function
• The formation of molecular clouds in spiral galaxies
• The efficiency of star formation in clustered and distributed regions
• A cluster in the making: ALMA reveals the initial conditions for high-mass cluster formation
• Driven and Decaying Turbulence Simulations of Low-Mass Star Formation: From Clumps to Cores to Protostars
• Dependency of dynamical ejections of O stars on the masses of very young star clusters
• The Origin of Massive O-type Field Stars. Part I: A Search for Clusters
• Spatial Distributions of Young Stars
• A double cluster at the core of 30 Doradus
• Recurrent gas accretion by massive star clusters, multiple stellar populations and mass thresholds for spherical stellar systems
• The formation of NGC 3603 young starburst cluster: "prompt" hierarchical assembly or monolithic starburst?
• The Ages of Pre-main-sequence Stars
• The bound fraction of young star clusters
• How can young massive clusters reach their present-day sizes?
• The W43-MM1 mini-starburst ridge, a test for star formation efficiency models
• Core-Halo Age Gradients and Star Formation in the Orion Nebula and NGC~2024 Young Stellar Clusters
• Shocks, cooling and the origin of star formation rates in spiral galaxies
• Tracing the Conversion of Gas into Stars in Young Massive Cluster Progenitors
• Early evolution of embedded clusters
• The rapid dispersal of low-mass virialised clusters
• Simultaneous low- and high-mass star formation in a massive protocluster: ALMA observations of G11.92-0.61
• The Spatial Structure of Young Stellar Clusters. II. Total Young Stellar Populations
• Giant Molecular clouds: what are they made from, and how do they get there?
• The ATLASGAL survey: The sample of young massive cluster progenitors
• Stellar clusterings around "Isolated" Massive YSOs in the LMC
• Hierarchical fragmentation and collapse signatures in a high-mass starless region
• The Spatial Structure of Young Stellar Clusters. III. Physical Properties and Evolutionary States
• Observational constraints on star cluster formation theory - I. The mass-radius relation
• The effect of the virial state of molecular clouds on the influence of feedback from massive stars
• Imprints of feedback in young gasless clusters?
• Captured older stars as the reason for apparently prolonged star formation in young star clusters
• The IMF as a function of supersonic turbulence
• APOGEE strings: a fossil record of the gas kinematic structure
• Ionisation-induced star formation III: Effects of external triggering on the IMF in clusters
• Photoionising feedback and the star formation rates in galaxies
• Star formation in Galactic flows
• Models for the Formation of Massive Stars

Cited by in corpus (17)

• Concurrent formation of supermassive stars and globular clusters: implications for early self-enrichment
• Unbound Young Stellar Systems: Star Formation on the loose
• Star Clusters in Evolving Galaxies
• Supernova feedback and the energy deposition in molecular clouds
• Multiplicity and clustering in Taurus star forming region. II. From ultra-wide pairs to dense NESTs
• The formation of massive stellar clusters in converging galactic flows with photoionisation
• The formation and early evolution of embedded star clusters in spiral galaxies
• The Most Metal-poor Stars in Omega Centauri (NGC 5139)
• The formation of clusters and OB associations in different density spiral arm environments
• On the initial mass-radius relation of stellar clusters
• Star formation in IC1396: Kinematics and subcluster structure revealed by Gaia
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Population of Isolated, Intermediate-Mass YSOs
• Accretion of Small Satellites and Gas Inflows in a Disc Galaxy
• From Giant H II regions and H II galaxies to globular clusters and compact dwarf ellipticals
• A clustered origin for isolated massive stars
• The Origin of Young Stellar Populations in NGC 1783: Accretion of External Stars
• On the Encounter Rate of Open Star Clusters