Haffner 16 Redux: Revisiting a Young Cluster in the Outer Galaxy

Abstract

Images and spectra recorded with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph on Gemini South are used to investigate the stellar content of the open cluster Haffner 16. The (i', g'-i') color-magnitude diagram (CMD) constructed from these data samples the cluster main sequence (MS) and 5 magnitudes of the pre-MS (PMS). The isochrones do not track the PMS on the CMD, in the sense that the PMS has a shallower slope on the CMD than predicted by the models. Still, a dip in star counts that is associated with the relaxation of PMS stars onto the MS is identified near i' = 17. The depth and brightness of this feature - as well as the morphology of the cluster MS on the CMD - are matched by models with a slightly sub-solar metallicity that have an age ~ 20 Myr and a distance modulus of 12.3 +/- 0.2. A light profile of Haffner 16 is constructed in the WISE W1 filter which suggests that the cluster is surrounded by a diffuse stellar halo. Spectra are presented of candidate cluster MS and PMS stars selected according to location on the CMD. The spectra show characteristics that are suggestive of a sub-solar metallicity. Halpha emission is common among objects on the PMS locus on the CMD near i' = 18. It is suggested that the location of the Haffner 16 PMS on the CMD is affected by large-scale cool spot activity, likely induced by rapid stellar rotation.

arXiv comment30 pages total, with 23 figures. The format differs slightly from the published article

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