Three-dimensional Pentagon Carbon with a genesis of emergent fermions

Abstract

Carbon, the basic building block of our universe, enjoys a vast number of allotropic structures. Owing to its bonding characteristic, most carbon allotropes possess the motif of hexagonal rings. Here, with first-principles calculations, we discover a new metastable three-dimensional carbon allotrope entirely composed of pentagon rings. The unique structure of this "Pentagon Carbon" leads to extraordinary electronic properties, making it a cornucopia of emergent topological fermions. Under lattice strain, Pentagon Carbon exhibits topological phase transitions, generating a series of novel quasiparticles, from isospin-1 triplet fermions, to triply-degenerate fermions, and further to concatenated Weyl-loop fermions. Its Landau level spectrum also exhibits distinct features, including a huge number of almost degenerate chiral Landau bands, implying pronounced magneto-transport signals. Our work not only discovers a remarkable carbon allotrope with highly rare structural motifs, it also reveals a fascinating hierarchical particle genesis with novel topological fermions beyond the Dirac and Weyl paradigm.

References in corpus (23)

• Two-Dimensional Gas of Massless Dirac Fermions in Graphene
• Electronic Structure of Pyrochlore Iridates: From Topological Dirac Metal to Mott Insulator
• Discovery of a Weyl Fermion Semimetal and Topological Fermi Arcs
• Type-II Weyl Semimetals
• Dirac semimetal in three dimensions
• Observation of the chiral anomaly induced negative magneto-resistance in 3D Weyl semi-metal TaAs
• Chiral Anomaly and Classical Negative Magnetoresistance of Weyl Metals
• Beyond Dirac and Weyl fermions: Unconventional quasiparticles in conventional crystals
• Topological Node-Line Semimetal in Three Dimensional Graphene Networks
• Recent developments in transport phenomena in Weyl semimetals
• Landau Quantization and Quasiparticle Interference in the Three-Dimensional Dirac Semimetal Cd3As2
• Spin-orbit-free Weyl-loop and Weyl-point semimetals in a stable three-dimensional carbon allotrope
• Dirac and Weyl Superconductors in Three Dimensions
• Topological Semimetals with Triply Degenerate Nodal Points in θ-phase Tantalum Nitride
• Tight--binding description of the quasiparticle dispersion of graphite and few--layer graphene
• Predicted Unusual Magnetoresponse in Type-II Weyl Semimetals
• Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly in Weyl semi-metals: Application to Pyrochlore Iridates
• 3D massless Kane fermions observed in a zinc-blende crystal
• Towards Three-Dimensional Weyl-SurfaceSemimetals in Graphene Networks
• Dirac and Weyl Materials: Fundamental Aspects and Some Spintronics Applications
• Nexus and Dirac lines in topological materials
• Chirality Hall Effect in Weyl Semimetals
• Carbon Kagome lattice and orbital frustration-induced metal-insulator transition for optoelectronics

Cited by in corpus (58)

• Knots and Non-Hermitian Bloch Bands
• Experimental discovery of nodal chains
• Quantum Transport in Topological Semimetals under Magnetic Fields
• Nodal Loop and Nodal Surface States in Ti3Al Family Materials
• Two-dimensional honeycomb borophene oxide: Strong anisotropy and nodal loop transformation
• Weyl-link semimetals
• Many-Body Topological and Skin States without Open Boundaries
• Realistic Floquet semimetal with exotic topological linkages between arbitrarily many nodal loops
• Higher-order Dirac fermions in three dimensions
• Imaging nodal knots in momentum space through topolectrical circuits
• Quadratic contact point semimetal: Theory and material realization
• Topological carbon materials: a new perspective
• Weyl-loop half metal in Li${}_3$(FeO${}_3$)${}_2$
• Ideal Intersecting Nodal Ring Phonons in a Body-Centered Cubic C${}_8$
• From Type-II Triply Degenerate Nodal Points and Three-Band Nodal Rings to Type-II Dirac Points in Centrosymmetric Zirconium Oxide
• Exceptional Non-Abelian Topology in Multiband Non-Hermitian Systems
• Topological Triply Degenerate Points Induced by Spin-Tensor-Momentum Couplings
• Boundary states of 4D topological matter: Emergence and full 3D-imaging of nodal Seifert surfaces
• Ideal inner nodal chain semimetals in Li2XY (X = Ca, Ba; Y = Si, Ge) materials
• Symmorphic intersecting nodal rings in semiconducting layers
• Monolayer Mg${}_2$C: Negative Poisson's ratio and unconventional 2D emergent fermions
• Nonsymmorphic cubic Dirac point and crossed nodal rings across the ferroelectric phase transition in LiOsO${}_3$
• From triple-point materials to multiband nodal links
• Single Pair of Weyl Points in Nonmagnetic Crystals
• A review of thermal transport and electronic properties of borophene
• D-carbon: A New sp3 Carbon Allotrope
• Quantum Transport in Topological Semimetals under Magnetic Fields (II)
• Fully spin-polarized nodal chain state in half metal LiV${}_2$O${}_4$
• What's knot to like? Observation of a linked loop quantum state
• Mirror Protected Multiple Nodal Line Semimetals and Material Realization
• Intrinsic Magnetic Topological Materials
• A Photoinduced Floquet Mixed-Weyl Semimetallic Phase in a Carbon Allotrope
• Optical response of two-dimensional Dirac materials with a flat band
• Spindle Nodal Chain in Three-Dimensional alpha' Boron
• Strain-tunable Dirac semimetal phase transition and emergent superconductivity in a borophane
• Nodal-chain network, intersecting nodal rings and triple points coexisting in nonsymmorphic Ba3Si4
• Hopf-chain networks evolved from triple points
• Hexagonal supertetrahedral boron: A topological metal with multiple spin-orbit-free emergent fermions
• Three-dimensional graphene networks modified with acetylenic linkages for high-performance optoelectronics and Li-ion battery anode material
• Robust Weyl semimetallic phase in face-centered orthogonal C6 with helical carbon chains
• Engineering topological phases with a three-dimensional nodal-loop semimetal
• Controllable spin filtering and half metallicity in ${\beta }_{12}$-borophene nanoribbons
• Nexus networks in carbon honeycombs
• Abundant surface-semimetal phases in three-dimensional obstructed atomic insulators
• Grapheayne: a class of low-energy carbon allotropes with diverse optoelectronic and topological properties
• Observation of spin-tensor induced topological phase transitions of triply degenerate points with a trapped ion
• Chaos based Berry phase detector
• Interlocking nodal chains and their examples in carbon networks
• Optical properties of two dimensional Dirac Weyl materials with a flatband
• Broken-symmetry phases of interacting nested Weyl and Dirac loops
• Characterization of Lifshitz transitions in topological nodal line semimetals
• Encyclopedia of emergent particles in three-dimensional crystals
• SU(3) fermions in a three-band Graphene-like model
• Anomalous in-gap edge states in two-dimensional pseudospin-1 Dirac insulators
• Design triple points, nexus points and related topological phases by stacking monolayers
• Quantum oscillation in Hopf-link semimetals
• Emergence of Type-I and Type-II Dirac line nodes in penta-octa-graphene
• Predication of topological states in the allotropes of group-IV elements