In-situ characterization of the Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier tubes used in the DEAP-3600 experiment

Abstract

The Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier-tube (PMT) is a novel high-quantum efficiency PMT. It is currently used in the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector and is of significant interest for future dark matter and neutrino experiments where high signal yields are needed. We report on the methods developed for in-situ characterization and monitoring of DEAP's 255 R5912-HQE PMTs. This includes a detailed discussion of typical measured single-photoelectron charge distributions, correlated noise (afterpulsing), dark noise, double, and late pulsing characteristics. The characterization is performed during the detector commissioning phase using laser light injected through a light diffusing sphere and during normal detector operation using LED light injected through optical fibres.

References in corpus (8)

• Model Independent Approach to the Single Photoelectron Calibration of Photomultiplier Tubes
• Application of the TPB Wavelength Shifter to the DEAP-3600 Spherical Acrylic Vessel Inner Surface
• Transit Time and Charge Correlations of Single Photoelectron Events in R7081 PMTs
• Characterization of the Hamamatsu R11780 12 inch Photomultiplier Tube
• DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Search
• A method for characterizing after-pulsing and dark noise of PMTs and SiPMs
• Dark Rate of a Photomultiplier at Cryogenic Temperatures
• Characterization of photomultiplier tubes with a realistic model through GPU-boosted simulation

Cited by in corpus (28)

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• Pulseshape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data
• The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600
• Extending light WIMP searches to single scintillation photons in LUX
• Characterization of the Hamamatsu 8" R5912-MOD Photomultiplier Tube
• Dimuons in Neutrino Telescopes: New Predictions and First Search in IceCube
• A method for characterizing after-pulsing and dark noise of PMTs and SiPMs
• Multi-site Event Discrimination in Large Liquid Scintillation Detectors
• Precision Measurement of the Specific Activity of ${}^{39}$Ar in Atmospheric Argon with the DEAP-3600 Detector
• Towards the ultimate PMT waveform analysis for neutrino and dark matter experiments
• Measurement of the relative Quantum Efficiency of Hamamatsu model R5912-20MOD photomultiplier tubes at liquid argon temperature
• Development and characterization of a slow wavelength shifting coating for background rejection in liquid argon detectors
• A machine learning-based methodology for pulse classification in dual-phase xenon time projection chambers
• Direct Measurement of the ${}^{39}$Ar Half-life from 3.4 Years of Data with the DEAP-3600 Detector
• Measurement of scintillation response of CsI[Na] to low-energy nuclear recoils by COHERENT
• PMT gain calibration and monitoring based on highly compressed hit information in KM3NeT
• Relative Measurement and Extrapolation of the Scintillation Quenching Factor of $\alpha$-Particles in Liquid Argon using DEAP-3600 Data
• DEAP-3600 Recent Dark Matter Results
• Using Machine Learning to Separate Cherenkov and Scintillation Light in Hybrid Neutrino Detector
• The $\kappa$-model under test of the SPARC database
• Development of a ${}^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr source for the calibration of the CENNS-10 Liquid Argon Detector
• Picosecond laser test unit for photosensor characterization at ambient and low temperatures
• Characterisation of silicon photomultipliers in a dilution refrigerator down to 9.4 mK towards a cryogenic cosmic-ray muon veto system