Hidden area and mechanical nonlinearities in freestanding graphene

Abstract

We investigated the effect of out-of-plane crumpling on the mechanical response of graphene membranes. In our experiments, stress was applied to graphene membranes using pressurized gas while the strain state was monitored through two complementary techniques: interferometric profilometry and Raman spectroscopy. By comparing the data obtained through these two techniques, we determined the geometric hidden area which quantifies the crumpling strength. While the devices with hidden area $\sim 0\%$ obeyed linear mechanics with biaxial stiffness $428\pm 10$ N/m, specimens with hidden area in the range $0.5-1.0\%$ were found to obey an anomalous Hooke's law with an exponent $\sim 0.1$.

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• Quantum effects in two-dimensional silicon carbide
• Single pixel wide gamut dynamic color modulation based on graphene micromechanical system
• Nuclear quantum effects in graphene bilayers
• Rippling of two-dimensional materials by line defects
• Limits of Lateral Expansion in Two-Dimensional Materials with Line Defects
• Isotopic effects in structural properties of graphene
• Perturbative renormalization and thermodynamics of quantum crystalline membranes