Hidden area and mechanical nonlinearities in freestanding graphene

Abstract

We investigated the effect of out-of-plane crumpling on the mechanical response of graphene membranes. In our experiments, stress was applied to graphene membranes using pressurized gas while the strain state was monitored through two complementary techniques: interferometric profilometry and Raman spectroscopy. By comparing the data obtained through these two techniques, we determined the geometric hidden area which quantifies the crumpling strength. While the devices with hidden area $\sim 0\%$ obeyed linear mechanics with biaxial stiffness $428\pm 10$ N/m, specimens with hidden area in the range $0.5-1.0\%$ were found to obey an anomalous Hooke's law with an exponent $\sim 0.1$.

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• Mechanical Properties of Warped Membranes
• Rippling and crumpling in disordered free-standing graphene
• Anharmonic effects in the optical and acoustic bending modes of graphene
• Thermal Excitations of Warped Membranes
• Elastic properties and mechanical tension of graphene

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• Young's modulus of 2D materials extracted from their nonlinear dynamic response
• Graphene ribbons with suspended masses as transducers in ultra-small nanoelectromechanical accelerometers
• Dynamics of 2D Material Membranes
• Strain dependent elastic modulus of graphene
• The effect of rippling on the mechanical properties of graphene
• Dynamically-enhanced strain in atomically thin resonators
• Thermalized buckling of isotropically compressed thin sheets
• Graphene mechanical pixels for Interferometric MOdulator Displays (GIMOD)
• Indentation of two-dimensional solids: The signatures of geometrical and material nonlinearity
• Thermodynamic properties of graphene bilayers
• Thermal properties of graphene under tensile stress
• Mass measurement of graphene using quartz crystal microbalances
• Tuning dissipation dilution in 2D material resonators by MEMS-induced tension
• Disorder-induced rippled phases and multicriticality in free-standing graphene
• Valley-dependent Lorentz force and Aharonov-Bohm phase in strained graphene p-n junction
• Anomalous thermal expansion in Ising-like puckered sheets
• Quantum effects in two-dimensional silicon carbide
• Thermal ripples in bilayer graphene
• Single pixel wide gamut dynamic color modulation based on graphene micromechanical system
• First-principles calculations of electrical conductivities of edge-modified graphene nanoribbons: strain effect
• Rippling of two-dimensional materials by line defects
• Path-integral simulation of graphene monolayers under tensile stress
• Nuclear quantum effects in graphene bilayers
• Fabry-Perot Interferometric Calibration of 2D Nanomechanical Plate Resonators
• Critical behavior in graphene: spinodal instability at room temperature
• Isotopic effects in structural properties of graphene
• Limits of Lateral Expansion in Two-Dimensional Materials with Line Defects
• Thermal control of graphene morphology: a signature of its intrinsic surface tension
• Disorder-driven transition to tubular phase in anisotropic two-dimensional materials
• Four-loop elasticity renormalization of low-temperature flat polymerized membranes
• Perturbative renormalization and thermodynamics of quantum crystalline membranes