Topolectrical circuits

Abstract

Invented by Alessandro Volta and Félix Savary in the early 19th century, circuits consisting of resistor, inductor and capacitor (RLC) components are omnipresent in modern technology. The behavior of an RLC circuit is governed by its circuit Laplacian, which is analogous to the Hamiltonian describing the energetics of a physical system. We show that topological semimetal band structures can be realized as admittance bands in a periodic RLC circuit, where we employ the grounding to adjust the spectral position of the bands similar to the chemical potential in a material. Topological boundary resonances (TBRs) appear in the impedance read-out of a topolectrical circuit, providing a robust signal for the presence of topological admittance bands. For experimental illustration, we build the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger circuit, where our impedance measurement detects a TBR related to the midgap state. Due to the versatility of electronic circuits, our topological semimetal construction can be generalized to band structures with arbitrary lattice symmetry. Topolectrical circuits establish a bridge between electrical engineering and topological states of matter, where the accessibility, scalability, and operability of electronics synergizes with the intricate boundary properties of topological phases.

arXiv comment11 pages, 4 figures

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• Reciprocal skin effect and its realization in a topolectrical circuit
• Observation of hybrid higher-order skin-topological effect in non-Hermitian topolectrical circuits
• Probing non-Hermitian Skin Effect and non-Bloch Phase Transitions
• Interplay of non-Hermitian skin effects and Anderson localization in non-reciprocal quasiperiodic lattices
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