Circumstellar disks and outflows in turbulent molecular cloud cores: possible formation mechanism for misaligned systems

Abstract

We investigate the formation of circumstellar disks and outflows subsequent to the collapse of molecular cloud cores with the magnetic field and turbulence. Numerical simulations are performed by using an adaptive mesh refinement to follow the evolution up to $\sim 1000$~yr after the formation of a protostar. In the simulations, circumstellar disks are formed around the protostars; those in magnetized models are considerably smaller than those in nonmagnetized models, but their size increases with time. The models with stronger magnetic field tends to produce smaller disks. During evolution in the magnetized models, the mass ratios of a disk to a protostar is approximately constant at $\sim 1-10$\%. The circumstellar disks are aligned according to their angular momentum, and the outflows accelerate along the magnetic field on the $10-100$~au scale; this produces a disk that is misaligned with the outflow. The outflows are classified into two types: a magneto-centrifugal wind and a spiral flow. In the latter, because of the geometry, the axis of rotation is misaligned with the magnetic field. The magnetic field has an internal structure in the cloud cores, which also causes misalignment between the outflows and the magnetic field on the scale of the cloud core. The distribution of the angular momentum vectors in a core also has a non-monotonic internal structure. This should create a time-dependent accretion of angular momenta onto the circumstellar disk. Therefore, the circumstellar disks are expected to change their orientation as well as their sizes in the long-term evolutions.

14 pages, 15 figures, Accepted by ApJ

References in corpus (16)

• Spiral Density Waves in a Young Protoplanetary Disk
• A new Jeans resolution criterion for (M)HD simulations of self-gravitating gas: Application to magnetic field amplification by gravity-driven turbulence
• Magnetic Braking and Protostellar Disk Formation: The Ideal MHD Limit
• Formation of a Keplerian disk in the infalling envelope around L1527 IRS: transformation from infalling motions to Kepler motions
• Magnetic Fields and Rotations of Protostars
• ALMA Observations of Infalling Flows toward the Keplerian Disk around the Class I Protostar L1489 IRS
• Misaligned Disks in the Binary Protostar IRS 43
• Grand Design Spiral Arms in A Young Forming Circumstellar Disk
• The evolutionary state of the southern dense core Cha-MMS1
• ALMA observations of a high-density core in Taurus: dynamical gas interaction at the possible site of a multiple star formation
• A deeply embedded young protoplanetary disk around L1489 IRS observed by the submillimeter array
• Star formation in turbulent molecular clouds with colliding flow
• Structure and dynamics of the class I young stellar object L1489 IRS
• Revealing a detailed mass distribution of a high-density core MC27/L1521F in Taurus with ALMA
• An origin of arc structures deeply embedded in dense molecular cloud cores
• The effect of external environment on the evolution of protostellar disks

Cited by in corpus (43)

• Forming spectroscopic massive proto-binaries by disk fragmentation
• The role of magnetic fields in the formation of protostellar discs
• Multi-directional mass-accretion and collimated outflows in W51
• The First Two Thousand Years of Star Formation
• Burst occurrence in young massive stellar objects
• The Effect of Misalignment between Rotation Axis and Magnetic Field on Circumstellar Disk
• Effect of Angular Momentum Alignment and Strong Magnetic Fields on the Formation of Protostellar Disks
• Disk Formation in Magnetized Dense Cores with Turbulence and Ambipolar Diffusion
• Disk structure around the Class I protostar L1489 IRS revealed by ALMA: a warped disk system
• A Very Compact Extremely High Velocity Flow toward MMS 5 / OMC-3 Revealed with ALMA
• Does misalignment between magnetic field and angular momentum enhance or suppress circumstellar disk formation?
• Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). IV. The Ringed and Warped Structure of the Disk around the Class I Protostar L1489 IRS
• FAUST II. Discovery of a Secondary Outflow in IRAS 15398-3359: Variability in Outflow Direction during the Earliest Stage of Star Formation?
• Origin of Misalignments: Protostellar Jet, Outflow, Circumstellar Disc, and Magnetic Field
• Non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics vs turbulence I: Which is the dominant process in protostellar disc formation?
• The JCMT BISTRO survey: alignment between outflows and magnetic fields in dense cores/clumps
• Warm CO gas generated by possible turbulent shocks in a low-mass star-forming dense core in Taurus
• Early evolution of disk, outflow, and magnetic field of young stellar objects: Impact of dust model
• FAUST III. Misaligned rotations of the envelope, outflow, and disks in the multiple protostellar system of VLA 1623$-$2417
• Non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics vs turbulence II: Which is the dominant process in stellar core formation?
• Shaken and stirred: the effects of turbulence and rotation on disc and outflow formation during the collapse of magnetised molecular cloud cores
• Protostellar disk formation by a non-rotating, non-axisymmetric collapsing cloud: model and comparison with observations
• A 10-$M_{\odot }$ YSO with a Keplerian disk and a nonthermal radio jet
• Different Modes of Star Formation II: Gas Accretion Phase of Initially Subcritical Star-Forming Clouds
• Triple spiral arms of a triple protostar system imaged in molecular lines
• Possible Counter Rotation between the Disk and Protostellar Envelope around the Class I Protostar IRAS 04169+2702
• Transition from ordered pinched to warped magnetic field on a 100 au scale in the Class 0 protostar B335
• Which Part of Dense Cores Feeds Material to Protostars?: The Case of L1489 IRS
• ALMA Observations toward the S-shaped Outflow and the Envelope around NGC1333 IRAS 4A2
• Growth of Magnetorotational Instability in Circumstellar Disks around Class 0 Protostars
• On estimating angular momenta of infalling protostellar cores from observations
• The Distinct Evolutionary Nature of two Class 0 Protostars in Serpens Main SMM4
• The SOUL view of IRAS20126+4104. Kinematics and variability of the H${}_2$ jet from a massive protostar
• Is the mm/submm dust polarization a robust tracer of the magnetic field topology in protostellar envelopes? A model exploration
• A new HLLD Riemann solver with Boris correction for reducing Alfvén speed
• Time Evolution of 3D Disk Formation with Misaligned Magnetic Field and Rotation Axes
• Discovery of Asymmetric Spike-like Structures of the 10 au Disk around the Very Low-luminosity Protostar Embedded in the Taurus Dense Core MC 27/L1521F with ALMA
• A misaligned protostellar disk fed by gas streamers in a barred spiral-like massive dense core
• Protostellar disk accretion in turbulent filaments
• Protostellar Outflows: a window to the past
• Time variability in the bipolar scattered light nebula of L1527 IRS: A possible warped inner disk
• ALMA Band 9 CO(6--5) Reveals a Warm Ring Structure Associated with the Embedded Protostar in the Cold Dense Core MC 27/L1521F
• Super-fast Rotation in the OMC 2/FIR 6b Jet