An Earth-mass Planet in a 1-AU Orbit around an Ultracool Dwarf

Y. Shvartzvald; J. C. Yee; S. Calchi Novati; A. Gould; C. -U. Lee; C. Beichman; G. Bryden; S. Carey; B. S. Gaudi; C. B. Henderson; W. Zhu; M. D. Albrow; S. -M. Cha; S. -J. Chung; C. Han; K. -H. Hwang; Y. K. Jung; D. -J. Kim; H. -W. Kim; S. -L. Kim; Y. Lee; B. -G. Park; R. W. Pogge; Y. -H. Ryu; I. -G. Shin

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa6d09

paper

An Earth-mass Planet in a 1-AU Orbit around an Ultracool Dwarf

arXiv:1703.08548 · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa6d09

Abstract

We combine $S p i t z er$ and ground-based KMTNet microlensing observations to identify and precisely measure an Earth-mass ( $1.4 3_{- 0.32}^{+ 0.45} M_{\oplus}$ ) planet OGLE-2016-BLG-1195Lb at $1.1 6_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.16}$ AU orbiting a $0.07 8_{- 0.012}^{+ 0.016} M_{⊙}$ ultracool dwarf. This is the lowest-mass microlensing planet to date. At $3.9 1_{- 0.46}^{+ 0.42}$ kpc, it is the third consecutive case among the $S p i t z er$ "Galactic distribution" planets toward the Galactic bulge that lies in the Galactic disk as opposed to the bulge itself, hinting at a skewed distribution of planets. Together with previous microlensing discoveries, the seven Earth-size planets orbiting the ultracool dwarf TRAPPIST-1, and the detection of disks around young brown dwarfs, OGLE-2016-BLG-1195Lb suggests that such planets might be common around ultracool dwarfs. It therefore sheds light on the formation of both ultracool dwarfs and planetary systems at the limit of low-mass protoplanetary disks.

19 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. Main difference from previous version is new CMD, since previous patch was too small to locate clump properly. Accepted for publication in ApJL

An Earth-mass Planet in a 1-AU Orbit around an Ultracool Dwarf

Abstract

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