Gaia16apd -- a link between fast-and slowly-declining type I superluminous supernovae

T. Kangas; N. Blagorodnova; S. Mattila; P. Lundqvist; M. Fraser; U. Burgaz; E. Cappellaro; J. M. Carrasco Martínez; N. Elias-Rosa; L. K. Hardy; J. Harmanen; E. Y. Hsiao; J. Isern; E. Kankare; Z. Kołaczkowski; M. B. Nielsen; T. M. Reynolds; L. Rhodes; A. Somero; M. D. Stritzinger; Ł. Wyrzykowski

doi:10.1093/mnras/stx833

paper

Gaia16apd -- a link between fast-and slowly-declining type I superluminous supernovae

arXiv:1611.10207 · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx833

Abstract

We present ultraviolet, optical and infrared photometry and optical spectroscopy of the type Ic superluminous supernova (SLSN) Gaia16apd (= SN 2016eay), covering its evolution from 26 d before the $g$ -band peak to 234.1 d after the peak. Gaia16apd was followed as a part of the NOT Unbiased Transient Survey (NUTS). It is one of the closest SLSNe known ( $z = 0.102 \pm 0.001$ ), with detailed optical and ultraviolet (UV) observations covering the peak. Gaia16apd is a spectroscopically typical type Ic SLSN, exhibiting the characteristic blue early spectra with O II absorption, and reaches a peak $M_{g} = - 21.8 \pm 0.1$ mag. However, photometrically it exhibits an evolution intermediate between the fast- and slowly-declining type Ic SLSNe, with an early evolution closer to the fast-declining events. Together with LSQ12dlf, another SLSN with similar properties, it demonstrates a possible continuum between fast- and slowly-declining events. It is unusually UV-bright even for a SLSN, reaching a non- $K$ -corrected $M_{uv m 2} ≃ - 23.3$ mag, the only other type Ic SLSN with similar UV brightness being SN 2010gx. Assuming that Gaia16apd was powered by magnetar spin-down, we derive a period of $P = 1.9 \pm 0.2$ ms and a magnetic field of $B = 1.9 \pm 0.2 \times 1 0^{14}$ G for the magnetar. The estimated ejecta mass is between 8 and 16 $M_{⊙}$ and the kinetic energy between 1.3 and $2.5 \times 1 0^{52}$ erg, depending on opacity and assuming that the entire ejecta is swept up into a thin shell. Despite the early photometric differences, the spectra at late times are similar to slowly-declining type Ic SLSNe, implying that the two subclasses originate from similar progenitors.

arXiv comment14 pages; 8 figures. Updated on June 5 2017; now published in MNRAS after revision

Gaia16apd -- a link between fast-and slowly-declining type I superluminous supernovae

Abstract

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