Scaling Relations in Coronal Mass Ejections and Energetic Proton Events associated with Solar Superflares

Takuya Takahashi; Yoshiyuki Mizuno; Kazunari Shibata

doi:10.3847/2041-8205/833/1/L8

paper

Scaling Relations in Coronal Mass Ejections and Energetic Proton Events associated with Solar Superflares

arXiv:1611.06015 · doi:10.3847/2041-8205/833/1/L8

Abstract

In order to discuss the potential impact of solar 'superflares' on space weather, we investigated statistical relations among energetic proton peak flux with energy higher than $10 MeV$ ( $F_{p}$ ), CME speed near the Sun ( $V_{C M E}$ ) obtained by {\it SOHO}/LASCO coronagraph and flare soft X-ray peak flux in 1-8Åband ( $F_{S X R}$ ) during 110 major solar proton events (SPEs) recorded from 1996 to 2014. The linear regression fit results in the scaling relations $V_{C M E} \propto F_{S X R}^{α}$ , $F_{p} \propto F_{S X R}^{β}$ and $F_{p} \propto V_{C M E}^{γ}$ with $α = 0.30 \pm 0.04$ , $β = 1.19 \pm 0.08$ and $γ = 4.35 \pm 0.50$ , respectively. On the basis of simple physical assumptions, on the other hand, we derive scaling relations expressing CME mass ( $M_{C M E}$ ), CME speed and energetic proton flux in terms of total flare energy ( $E_{f l a r e}$ ) as, $M_{C M E} \propto E_{f l a r e}^{2/3}$ , $V_{C M E} \propto E_{f l a r e}^{1/6}$ and $F_{p} \propto E_{f l a r e}^{5/6} \propto V_{C M E}^{5}$ , respectively. We then combine the derived scaling relations with observation, and estimated the upper limit of $V_{C M E}$ and $F_{p}$ to be associated with possible solar superflares.

arXiv comment17 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters

Scaling Relations in Coronal Mass Ejections and Energetic Proton Events associated with Solar Superflares

Abstract

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