Critical features of nonlinear optical isolators for improved nonreciprocity

Abstract

Light propagation in a nonlinear optical medium is nonreciprocal for spatially asymmetric linear permittivity. We here examine physical mechanism and properties of such nonreciprocity (NR). For this, we calculate transmission of light through two models of a nonlinear optical isolator consisting of (a) a two-level atom and (b) a driven $\Lambda$-type three-level atom coupled asymmetrically to light inside open waveguides. We find a higher NR in the model (b) than in the model (a) due to a stronger optical nonlinearity in the former. We determine the critical intensity of incident light for maximum NR and a dependence of the corresponding NR on asymmetry in the coupling. Surprisingly, we find that it is mainly coherent elastic scattering compared to incoherent scattering of incident light which causes maximum NR near the critical intensity. We also show a higher NR of an incident light in the presence of an additional weak light at the opposite port.

9 pages, 5 figures

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• Light propagation through one-dimensional interacting open quantum systems
• Amplification and cross-Kerr nonlinearity in waveguide quantum electrodynamics
• Optical properties and energy propagation in a dielectric medium supporting magnetic current
• Single photons versus coherent state input in waveguide quantum electrodynamics: light scattering, Kerr and cross-Kerr effect
• Quantum noise induced nonreciprocity for single photon transport in parity-time symmetric systems
• A modified quasi-classical analysis to capture the effects of strong interaction in open QED lattices