Amplification and cross-Kerr nonlinearity in waveguide quantum electrodynamics

Abstract

We explore amplification and cross-Kerr nonlinearity by a three-level emitter (3LE) embedded in a waveguide and driven by two light beams. The coherent amplification and cross-Kerr nonlinearity were demonstrated in recent experiments, respectively, with a V and a ladder-type 3LE coupled to an open superconducting transmission line carrying two microwave fields. Here, we consider $\Lambda$, V, and ladder-type 3LE, and compare the efficiency of coherent and incoherent amplification as well as the magnitude of the cross-Kerr phase shift in all three emitters. We apply the Heisenberg-Langevin equations approach to investigate the scattering of a probe and a drive beams both initially in a coherent state. We particularly calculate the regime of the probe and drive powers when the 3LE acts most efficiently as a coherent amplifier, and derive the second-order coherence of amplified probe photons. Finally, we apply the Kramers-Kronig relations to correlate the amplitude and phase response of the probe beam, which are used in finding the coherent amplification and the cross-Kerr phase shift in these systems.

17 pages, 10 figures, published version

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Cited by in corpus (4)

• Correlated two-photon scattering in a one-dimensional waveguide coupled to two- or three-level giant atoms
• Quantum light-matter interactions in structured waveguides
• Tunable photon-photon correlations in waveguide QED systems with giant atoms
• Single photons versus coherent state input in waveguide quantum electrodynamics: light scattering, Kerr and cross-Kerr effect