Alkali doping of graphene: the crucial role of high temperature annealing

Abstract

The doping efficiency of lithium deposited at cryogenic temperatures on epitaxial and CVD monolayer graphene has been investigated under ultra-high vacuum conditions. Change of charge carrier density was monitored by gate voltage shift of the Dirac point and by Hall measurements, in low and high doping regimes. It was found that pre-annealing the graphene greatly enhanced the maximum levels of doping that could be achieved: doping saturated at $\Delta n=2\times 10^{13}$ e${}^{-}$/cm${}^2$ without annealing, independent of sample type or previous processing; after a 900 K anneal, the saturated doping rose one order of magnitude to $\Delta n=2\times 10^{14}$ e${}^{-}$/cm${}^2$.

References in corpus (26)

• Control of graphene's properties by reversible hydrogenation
• Charged Impurity Scattering in Graphene
• A self-consistent theory for graphene transport
• Quasi-free Standing Epitaxial Graphene on SiC by Hydrogen Intercalation
• Chiral superconductivity from repulsive interactions in doped graphene
• Quantum transport of massless Dirac fermions in graphene
• Superconducting states of pure and doped graphene
• Reversible Fluorination of Graphene: towards a Two-Dimensional Wide Bandgap Semiconductor
• Evidence for superconductivity in Li-decorated monolayer graphene
• Friedel oscillations, impurity scattering and temperature dependence of resistivity in graphene
• Electrically tunable quantum anomalous Hall effect in 5d transition-metal adatoms on graphene
• Atomic-scale electron-beam sculpting of defect-free graphene nanostructures
• The quasi-free-standing nature of graphene on H-saturated SiC(0001)
• Giant topological insulator gap in graphene with 5d adatoms
• On the mechanism of hydrophilicity of graphene
• Adatoms and clusters of 3d transition metals on graphene: Electronic and magnetic configurations
• Correlated charged impurity scattering in graphene
• Evidence for spin-flip scattering and local moments in dilute fluorinated graphene
• Stabilizing topological phases in graphene via random adsorption
• Minimum Electrical and Thermal Conductivity of Graphene: A Quasiclassical Approach
• Absence of a transport signature of spin-orbit coupling in graphene with indium adatoms
• Transport in indium-decorated graphene
• Substrate enhanced superconductivity in Li-decorated graphene
• Superconductivity in intercalated group-IV honeycomb structures
• Capacitive Sensing of Intercalated H2O Molecules Using Graphene
• Impact of Calcium on Transport Property of Graphene

Cited by in corpus (7)

• Diffraction catastrophes and semiclassical quantum mechanics for Veselago lensing in graphene
• Symmetry breaking and (pseudo)spin polarization in Veselago lenses for massless Dirac fermions
• Can the "shadow" of graphene band clarify its flatness?
• Signatures of adatom effects in the quasiparticle spectrum of Li-doped graphene
• Unexpected hole doping of graphene by osmium adatoms
• Weak localization measurements of electronic scattering rates in Li-doped epitaxial graphene
• Doping the spin-polarized Graphene minicone on Ni(111)