Bondi-Sachs Formalism

Abstract

The Bondi-Sachs formalism of General Relativity is a metric-based treatment of the Einstein equations in which the coordinates are adapted to the null geodesics of the spacetime. It provided the first convincing evidence that gravitational radiation is a nonlinear effect of general relativity and that the emission of gravitational waves from an isolated system is accompanied by a mass loss from the system. The asymptotic behaviour of the Bondi-Sachs metric revealed the existence of the symmetry group at null infinity, the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs group, which turned out to be larger than the Poincare group.

Scholarpedia review article, an up-to-date version can be found under http://scholarpedia.org/article/Bondi-Sachs_Formalism, includes general normalisation of unit sphere dyad, corrected typos, additional references

Cited by in corpus (111)

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• Hamiltonian structure and asymptotic symmetries of the Einstein-Maxwell system at spatial infinity
• Null Conservation Laws for Gravity
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• (A)dS${}_4$ in Bondi gauge
• Gravity from symmetry: Duality and impulsive waves
• Classical double copy at null infinity
• BMS current algebra in the context of the Newman-Penrose formalism
• Carrollian manifolds and null infinity: A view from Cartan geometry
• Multipole Expansion of Gravitational Waves: from Harmonic to Bondi coordinates
• Brans-Dicke theory in Bondi-Sachs form: Asymptotically flat solutions, asymptotic symmetries and gravitational-wave memory effects
• Logarithmic supertranslations and supertranslation-invariant Lorentz charges
• Gravitational memory effects and Bondi-Metzner-Sachs symmetries in scalar-tensor theories
• The asymptotic structure of electromagnetism in higher spacetime dimensions
• Persistent gravitational wave observables: Curve deviation in asymptotically flat spacetimes
• A Review of Gravitational Memory and BMS Frame Fixing in Numerical Relativity
• Asymptotic structure of a massless scalar field and its dual two-form field at spatial infinity
• Graviton scattering in self-dual radiative space-times
• Coulombic contribution to the flux of angular momentum in general relativity
• Asymptotic Shear and the Intrinsic Conformal Geometry of Null-Infinity
• Gravitational memory effects in Chern-Simons modified gravity
• Universal bounds on the size of a black hole
• Asymptotic realization of the super-BMS algebra at spatial infinity
• Gravitational-wave echoes from numerical-relativity waveforms via space-time construction near merging compact objects
• Affine-null metric formulation of General Relativity at two intersecting null hypersurfaces
• Tractor geometry of asymptotically flat spacetimes
• Asymptotic structure of the gravitational field in five spacetime dimensions: Hamiltonian analysis
• Renormalization of conformal infinity as a stretched horizon
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• Sachs' free data in real connection variables
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• Gravitational memory: new results from post-Newtonian and self-force theory
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• Kerr Black Holes and Nonlinear Radiation Memory
• Peeling in Generalized Harmonic Gauge
• Boosted Schwarzschild Metrics from a Kerr-Schild Perspective
• Supertranslations at Timelike Infinity
• Definitions of (super) angular momentum in asymptotically flat spacetimes: Properties and applications to compact-binary mergers
• Radiative Asymptotic Symmetries of 3D Einstein-Maxwell Theory
• Localisation of Soft Charges, and Thermodynamics of Softly Hairy Black Holes
• Generalized BMS Algebra at Timelike Infinity
• Radiation in Fluid/Gravity and the Flat Limit
• Upper bound about cross-sections inside black holes and complexity growth rate
• Editorial Note to: On the Newtonian Limit of Einstein's Theory of Gravitation (by Jürgen Ehlers)
• Asymptotically simple spacetimes and mass loss due to gravitational waves
• ADM, BMS, and some puzzling interconnections
• Optical equations for null strings
• Slowly rotating Kerr metric derived from the Einstein equations in affine-null coordinates
• Comment on "Boosted Kerr black holes in general relativity"
• Gravitational-wave memory effects in the Damour-Esposito-Farèse extension of Brans-Dicke theory
• On the covariant formulation of gauge theories with boundaries
• Null Cosmic Strings: Scattering by Black Holes, Optics and Spacetime Content
• Covariant Equations of Motion Beyond the Spin-Dipole Particle Approximation
• Asymptotic conformal symmetry at spatial infinity
• Quasinormal modes of a Schwarzschild black hole within the Bondi-Sachs framework
• Numerical evolution of the interior geometry of charged black holes
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• A microscopic analogue of the BMS group
• On the Definition of the Spin Charge in Asymptotically-Flat Spacetimes
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• Quasilocal Corrections to Bondi's Mass-Loss Formula and Dynamical Horizons
• Gravitational memory effects of black bounces and a traversable wormhole
• Cosmic censorship hypothesis and entropy bound on black holes in a canonical ensemble
• Large Gauge Symmetries of an Asymptotically de Sitter Horizon: An Extended First Law of Thermodynamics
• The Einstein metrics with smooth scri
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• On the Gravitational Precession Memory Effect for an Ensemble of Gyroscopes
• Modeling the BMS transformation induced by a binary black hole merger
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• Using thermodynamics to learn gravitational wave physics
• Symplectic charges in the Yang-Mills theory of the normal conformal Cartan connection: applications to gravity
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• Hierarchical formulation of the self-gravitating, n-dimensional, charged scalar field in spherical symmetry in affine null formalism
• The Einstein equations and multipole moments at null infinity
• Dynamical Horizons and Black Hole Soft Hair
• The Kerr-de Sitter spacetime in Bondi coordinates
• Boundary conditions for Ashtekar-Barbero variables in the context of asymptotically flat spacetimes which lead to supertranslations at spatial infinity
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• Gravitational wave memory in wormhole spacetimes