Rotational evolution of magnetars in the presence of a fallback disk

Abstract

Magnetars may have strong surface dipole field. Observationally, two magnetars may have passive fallback disks. In the presence of a fallback disk, the rotational evolution of magnetars may be changed. In the self-similar fallback disk model, it is found that: (1) When the disk mass is significantly smaller than $10^{-6}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$, the magnetar is unaffected by the fallback disk and it will be a normal magnetar. (2) When the disk mass is large, but the magnetar's surface dipole field is about or below $10^{14}\mathrm{G}$, the magnetar will also be a normal magnetar. A magnetar plus a passive fallback disk system is expected. This may correspond to the observations of magnetars 4U 0142$+$61, and 1E 2259$+$586. (3) When the disk mass is large, and the magnetar's surface dipole field is as high as $4\times 10^{15}\mathrm{G}$, the magnetar will evolve from the ejector phase to the propeller phase, and then enter rotational equilibrium. The magnetar will be slowed down quickly in the propeller phase. The final rotational period can be as high $2\times 10^4\mathrm{s}$. This may correspond to the super-slow magnetar in the supernova remnant RCW 103. Therefore, the three kinds of magnetars can be understood in a unified way.

14 pages, 4 figures, accepted for ApJ

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• Comparing Neutron Star Kicks to Supernova Remnant Asymmetries
• Evidence for an abundant old population of Galactic ultra long period magnetars and implications for fast radio bursts
• Long-period Pulsars as Possible Outcomes of Supernova Fallback Accretion
• Discussions on the nature of GLEAM-X J162759.5-523504.3
• Rotational Evolution of The Slowest Radio Pulsar PSR J0250+5854
• On the fallback disk around the slowest isolated pulsar, 1E 161348$-$5055
• Long X-ray flares from the central source in RCW 103
• Understanding the coexistence of spin-up and spin-down behaviors in long period X-ray pulsars
• New candidates for magnetar counterparts from a deep search with the Hubble Space Telescope
• The infrared counterpart and proper motion of magnetar SGR0501+4516
• The Cause of a Pulsar Glitch
• Do the periodic activities of repeating fast radio bursts represent the spins of neutron stars?