Direct Imaging Discovery of a Jovian Exoplanet Within a Triple Star System

Abstract

Direct imaging allows for the detection and characterization of exoplanets via their thermal emission. We report the discovery via imaging of a young Jovian planet in a triple star system and characterize its atmospheric properties through near-infrared spectroscopy. The semi-major axis of the planet is closer relative to that of its hierarchical triple star system than for any known exoplanet within a stellar binary or triple, making HD 131399 dynamically unlike any other known system. The location of HD 131399Ab on a wide orbit in a triple system demonstrates that massive planets may be found on long and possibly unstable orbits in multi-star systems. HD 131399Ab is one of the lowest mass (4+/-1 MJup) and coldest (850+/-50 K) exoplanets to have been directly imaged.

References in corpus (54)

• Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction
• Evolutionary models for cool brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. The case of HD 20945
• Stellar Multiplicity
• A Hipparcos census of the nearby OB associations
• Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler, III: Analysis of the First 16 Months of Data
• Dynamical Outcomes of Planet-Planet Scattering
• Models of Stars, Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets
• Catalog of Nearby Exoplanets
• A giant planet imaged in the disk of the young star Beta Pictoris
• The Occurrence and Architecture of Exoplanetary Systems
• Long-Term Stability of Planets in Binary Systems
• Detection and Characterization of Exoplanets and Disks using Projections on Karhunen-Loeve Eigenimages
• The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. I. Ultracool Binaries and the L/T Transition
• A Revised Age for Upper Scorpius and The Star-Formation History Among the F-Type Members of the Scorpius-Centaurus OB Association
• Discovery and spectroscopy of the young Jovian planet 51 Eri b with the Gemini Planet Imager
• The Discovery of a Planetary Companion to 16 Cygni B
• On the Luminosity of Young Jupiters
• L and T Dwarf Models and the L to T Transition
• Spectral and Photometric Diagnostics of Giant Planet Formation Scenarios
• Clouds and Chemistry in the Atmosphere of Extrasolar Planet HR8799b
• A Planetary Companion to gamma Cephei A
• The 2MASS Wide-Field T Dwarf Search. III. Seven New T Dwarfs and Other Cool Dwarf Discoveries
• Photometric characterization of exoplanets using angular and spectral differential imaging
• Masses, Radii, and Cloud Properties of the HR 8799 Planets
• Direct Imaging of a Cold Jovian Exoplanet in Orbit around the Sun-like Star GJ 504
• The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets. XII. Orbital solutions for 16 extra-solar planets discovered with CORALIE
• Five Planets Orbiting 55 Cancri
• Planet Hunters: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet in a Quadruple Star System
• A Method for Determining the Physical Properties of the Coldest Known Brown Dwarfs
• Six New Planets from the Keck Precision Velocity Survey
• First light of the VLT planet finder SPHERE. III. New spectrophotometry and astrometry of the HR8799 exoplanetary system
• The Planetary Mass Companion 2MASS1207-3932 B: Temperature, Mass and Evidence for an Edge-On Disk
• First light of the VLT planet finder SPHERE. II. The physical properties and the architecture of the young systems PZ Tel and HD 1160 revisited
• The primordial binary population II: Recovering the binary population for intermediate mass stars in Sco OB2
• Formation, Survival, and Detectability of Planets Beyond 100 AU
• Evolutionary models for solar metallicity low-mass stars: mass-magnitude relationships and color-magnitude diagrams
• Multi-Dimensional Bayesian Membership Analysis of the Sco OB2 moving Group
• A Combined VLT and Gemini Study of the Atmosphere of the Directly-Imaged Planet, beta Pictoris b
• High-contrast imaging of Sirius~A with VLT/SPHERE: Looking for giant planets down to one astronomical unit
• Multi-order TODCOR: application to observations taken with the CORALIE echelle spectrograph
• The Anglo-Australian Planet Search. XXII. Two New Multi-Planet Systems
• Direct Imaging Detection of Methane in the Atmosphere of GJ 504 b
• Direct detection of exoplanet host star companion gamma Cep B and revised masses for both stars and the sub-stellar object
• Orbital Architectures of Planet-Hosting Binaries: I. Forming Five Small Planets in the Truncated Disk of Kepler-444A
• High-Cadence, High-Contrast Imaging for Exoplanet Mapping: Observations of the HR 8799 Planets with VLT/SPHERE Satellite Spot-Corrected Relative Photometry
• Four new wide binaries among exoplanet host stars
• Star Hoppers: Planet Instability and Capture in Evolving Binary Systems
• Planet formation in stellar binaries II: overcoming the fragmentation barrier in alpha Centauri and gamma Cephei-like systems
• A Spitzer MIPS Study of 2.5-2.0 M\odot Stars in Scorpius-Centaurus
• Planet Scattering Around Binaries: Ejections, Not Collisions
• A new interferometric study of four exoplanet host stars : θ Cygni, 14 Andromedae, {\upsilon} Andromedae and 42 Draconis
• The Lick-Carnegie Survey: Four New Exoplanet Candidates
• The role of the energy equation in the fragmentation of protostellar discs during stellar encounters
• Exoplanets Bouncing Between Binary Stars

Cited by in corpus (44)

• Shadows and spirals in the protoplanetary disk HD 100453
• Multiple Disk Gaps and Rings Generated by a Single Super-Earth
• Spectral and atmospheric characterization of 51 Eridani b using VLT/SPHERE
• orbitize!: A Comprehensive Orbit-fitting Software Package for the High-contrast Imaging Community
• Direct detection of scattered light gaps in the transitional disk around HD 97048 with VLT/SPHERE
• Observing Exoplanets with High Dispersion Coronagraphy. I. The scientific potential of current and next-generation large ground and space telescopes
• The VLT/NaCo large program to probe the occurrence of exoplanets and brown dwarfs at wide orbits. IV. Gravitational instability rarely forms wide, giant planets
• Characterizing 51 Eri b from 1-5 $\mu$m: a partly-cloudy exoplanet
• 1 to 2.4 micron Near-IR spectrum of the Giant Planet $\beta$ Pictoris b obtained with the Gemini Planet Imager
• Direct Imaging and Astrometric Detection of a Gas Giant Planet Orbiting an Accelerating Star
• Evolution of Gas Giant Entropy During Formation by Runaway Accretion
• Sulfur Hazes in Giant Exoplanet Atmospheres: Impacts on Reflected Light Spectra
• Cloud Atlas: Discovery of Patchy Clouds and High-amplitude Rotational Modulations In a Young, Extremely Red L-type Brown Dwarf
• The Measurement, Treatment, and Impact of Spectral Covariance and Bayesian Priors in Integral-Field Spectroscopy of Exoplanets
• The Orbit of the Companion to HD 100453A: Binary-Driven Spiral Arms in a Protoplanetary Disk
• Effects of Latent Heating on Atmospheres of Brown Dwarfs and Directly Imaged Planets
• Evidence that the Directly-Imaged Planet HD 131399 Ab is a Background Star
• A HARPS RV search for planets around young nearby stars
• Populations of planets in multiple star systems
• The B-Star Exoplanet Abundance Study: a co-moving 16-25 Mjup companion to the young binary system HIP 79098
• No difference in orbital parameters of RV-detected giant planets between 0.1 and 5 au in single vs multi-stellar systems
• PSYM-WIDE: a survey for large-separation planetary-mass companions to late spectral type members of young moving groups
• Orbiting a binary: SPHERE characterisation of the HD 284149 system
• A Bayesian Framework for Exoplanet Direct Detection and Non-Detection
• Multi-orbital-phase and multi-band characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres with reflected light spectra
• Phase Quantization Study of Spatial Light Modulator for Extreme High contrast Imaging
• A high precision technique to correct for residual atmospheric dispersion in high-contrast imaging systems
• Stability of planets in triple star systems
• Implementing focal-plane phase masks optimized for real telescope apertures with SLM-based digital adaptive coronagraphy
• The unstable fate of the planet orbiting the A-star in the HD 131399 triple stellar system
• Experimental test of a 40 cm-long R=100 000 spectrometer for exoplanet characterisation
• The Scorpion Planet Survey: Wide-Orbit Giant Planets Around Young A-type Stars
• Traces of exomoons in computed flux and polarization phase curves of starlight reflected by exoplanets
• An Early Catalog of Planet Hosting Multiple Star Systems of Order Three and Higher
• KELT-17: a chemically peculiar Am star and a hot-Jupiter planet
• Irregular Fixation: I. Fixed points and librating orbits of the Brown Hamiltonian
• Mid-infrared characterization of the planetary-mass companion ROXs 42B b
• PeX 1. Multi-spectral expansion of residual speckles for planet detection
• On-sky closed loop correction of atmospheric dispersion for high-contrast coronagraphy and astrometry
• NA-SODINN: a deep learning algorithm for exoplanet image detection based on residual noise regimes
• Candidate exoplanet host HD131399A: a nascent Am star
• YSES 2b is a background star: Differential astrometric M-dwarf measurements in time
• Formation of wide-orbit gas giants near the stability limit in multi-stellar systems
• High-contrast imaging of tight resolved binaries with two vector vortex coronagraphs in cascade with the Palomar SDC instrument