Elementary Thermal Operations

Abstract

To what extent do thermodynamic resource theories capture physically relevant constraints? Inspired by quantum computation, we define a set of elementary thermodynamic gates that only act on 2 energy levels of a system at a time. We show that this theory is well reproduced by a Jaynes-Cummings interaction in rotating wave approximation and draw a connection to standard descriptions of thermalisation. We then prove that elementary thermal operations present tighter constraints on the allowed transformations than thermal operations. Mathematically, this illustrates the failure at finite temperature of fundamental theorems by Birkhoff and Muirhead-Hardy-Littlewood-Polya concerning stochastic maps. Physically, this implies that stronger constraints than those imposed by single-shot quantities can be given if we tailor a thermodynamic resource theory to the relevant experimental scenario. We provide new tools to do so, including necessary and sufficient conditions for a given change of the population to be possible. As an example, we describe the resource theory of the Jaynes-Cummings model. Finally, we initiate an investigation into how our resource theories can be applied to Heat Bath Algorithmic Cooling protocols.

22 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in Quantum

References in corpus (8)

• Description of quantum coherence in thermodynamic processes requires constraints beyond free energy
• Quantum coherence, time-translation symmetry and thermodynamics
• Gibbs-Preserving Maps outperform Thermal Operations in the quantum regime
• The second law of quantum thermodynamics as an equality
• Third Law of Thermodynamics as a Single Inequality
• Heat-Bath Algorithmic Cooling with correlated qubit-environment interactions
• Markovian evolution of quantum coherence under symmetric dynamics
• From single-shot to general work extraction with bounded fluctuations in work

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