Gravitational waves from supermassive stars collapsing to a supermassive black hole

Abstract

We derive the gravitational waveform from the collapse of a rapidly rotating supermassive star (SMS) core leading directly to a seed of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) in axisymmetric numerical-relativity simulations. We find that the peak strain amplitude of gravitational waves emitted during the black-hole formation is $\approx 5\times 10^{-21}$ at the frequency $f\approx 5$\,mHz for an event at the cosmological redshift $z=3$, if the collapsing SMS core is in the hydrogen-burning phase. Such gravitational waves will be detectable by space laser interferometric detectors like eLISA with signal-to-noise ratio $\approx 10$, if the sensitivity is as high as LISA for $f=1$--10\,mHz. The detection of the gravitational-wave signal will provide a potential opportunity for testing the direct-collapse scenario for the formation of a seed of SMBHs.

5 pages, 3 figures, PRD accepted

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• On the maximum accretion rate of supermassive stars
• Gravitational Waves from Disks Around Spinning Black Holes: Simulations in Full General Relativity
• Self-gravitating perfect-fluid tori around black holes: Bifurcations, ergoregions, and geometrical properties
• Photometric IGM Tomography: Efficiently Mapping Quasar Light Echoes with Deep Narrow Band Imaging
• Maximally Rotating Supermassive Stars at the Onset of Collapse: Effects of Gas Pressure
• An estimate of the gravitational-wave background from the observed cosmological distribution of quasars
• The Discovery Potential of Space-Based Gravitational Wave Astronomy