Low-energy singlet sector in spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ $J_1$--$J_2$ Heisenberg model on square lattice

Abstract

Based on a special variant of plaquette expansion, an operator is constructed whose eigenvalues give the low-energy singlet spectrum of spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet on square lattice with nearest- and frustrating next-nearest-neighbor exchange couplings $J_1$ and $J_2$. It is well known that a non-magnetic phase arises in this model at $0.4\lesssim J_2/J_1\lesssim 0.6$ sandwiched by two Néel ordered phases. In agreement with previous results, we observe a first-order quantum phase transition (QPT) at $J_2\approx 0.64J_1$ from the non-magnetic phase to the Néel one. Large gap ($\gtrsim 0.4J_1$) is found in the singlet spectrum at $J_2<0.64J_1$ that excludes a gapless spin-liquid state at $0.4\lesssim J_2/J_1\lesssim 0.6$ and the deconfined quantum criticality scenario for the QPT to another Néel phase. We observe a first-order QPT at $J_2\approx 0.55J_1$ presumably between two non-magnetic phases.