Possible evolution of the pulsar braking index from larger than three to about one

Abstract

The coupled evolution of pulsar rotation and inclination angle in the wind braking model is calculated. The oblique pulsar tends to align. The pulsar alignment will affect its spin-down behavior. As a pulsar evolves from the magneto-dipole radiation dominated case to the particle wind dominated case, the braking index will first increase and then decrease. In the early time, the braking index may be larger than 3. And during the following long time, the braking index will be always smaller than 3. The minimum braking index is about one. This can explain the existence of high braking index larger than 3, and low braking index of pulsars simultaneously. The pulsar braking index is expected to evolve from larger than three to about one. A general trend is that the pulsar braking index will evolve from the Crab-like case to the Vela-like case.

7 pages, 4 figures, accepted in ApJ. Significantly rewritten compared with the original version: focusing on the braking index evolution, other materials are now dropped off

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• High precision pulsar timing and spin frequency second derivatives
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• Rotational Evolution of The Slowest Radio Pulsar PSR J0250+5854
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• High braking index pulsar PSR J1640-4631: low-mass neutron star with a large inclination angle?
• The braking index of PSR B0540-69 and the associated pulsar wind nebula emission after spin-down rate transition
• Refinement of the timing-based estimator of pulsar magnetic fields
• The optical/UV excess of X-ray-dim isolated neutron star II. nonuniformity of plasma on strangeon star surface
• Role of Fan Beam Model in Population Synthesis of Isolated Radio Pulsars
• Constraints on the internal physics of neutron stars from the observational data of several young pulsars: the role of a power-law decaying dipole magnetic field
• Spatio-spectral-temporal Modelling of Two Young Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• Observational Constraints on the Pulsar Wind Model: The Cases of Crab and Vela
• Glitches in four gamma-ray pulsars and inferences on the neutron star structure
• Application of a two dipole model to PSR J1640-4631, a pulsar with an anomalous braking index
• Evolution of Crab Pulsar: Magnetic Inclination Angle and Spin