Direct observation of individual charges and their dynamics on graphene by low-energy electron holography
arXiv:1603.08781 · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01881
Abstract
Visualizing individual charges confined to molecules and observing their dynamics with high spatial resolution is a challenge for advancing various fields in science, ranging from mesoscopic physics to electron transfer events in biological molecules. We show here, that the high sensitivity of low-energy electrons to local electric fields can be employed to directly visualize individual charged adsorbates and to study their behaviour in a quantitative way. This makes electron holography a unique probing tool for directly visualising charge distributions with a sensitivity of a fraction of an elementary charge. Moreover, spatial resolution in the nanometer range and fast data acquisition inherent to lens-less low-energy electron holography allows for direct visual inspection of charge transfer processes.
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- Imaging the potential distribution of individual charged impurities on graphene by low-energy electron holography
- Strong inelastic scattering of slow electrons by optical near fields of small nanoparticles
- Phase retrieval methods applied to coherent imaging
- How to image single isolated atoms by using coherent low-energy electrons