A Preliminary Jupiter Model

Abstract

In anticipation of new observational results for Jupiter's axial moment of inertia and gravitational zonal harmonic coefficients from the forthcoming Juno orbiter, we present a number of preliminary Jupiter interior models. We combine results from ab initio computer simulations of hydrogen-helium mixtures, including immiscibility calculations, with a new nonperturbative calculation of Jupiter's zonal harmonic coefficients, to derive a self-consistent model for the planet's external gravity and moment of inertia. We assume helium rain modified the interior temperature and composition profiles. Our calculation predicts zonal harmonic values to which measurements can be compared. Although some models fit the observed (pre-Juno) second- and fourth-order zonal harmonics to within their error bars, our preferred reference model predicts a fourth-order zonal harmonic whose absolute value lies above the pre-Juno error bars. This model has a dense core of about 12 Earth masses, and a hydrogen-helium-rich envelope with approximately 3 times solar metallicity.

18 figures, 3 tables, in press, Astrophysical Journal

References in corpus (4)

• A Massive Core in Jupiter Predicted From First-Principles Simulations
• Hydrogen-Helium Mixtures in the Interiors of Giant Planets
• Ab initio equations of state for hydrogen (H-REOS.3) and helium (He-REOS.3) and their implications for the interior of Brown Dwarfs
• An Exploration of Double Diffusive Convection in Jupiter as a Result of Hydrogen-Helium Phase Separation

Cited by in corpus (44)

• Evidence for supercritical behavior of high-pressure liquid hydrogen
• The fuzziness of giant planets' cores
• Phase diagram of hydrogen and a hydrogen-helium mixture at planetary conditions by Quantum Monte Carlo simulations
• Jupiter internal structure: the effect of different equations of state
• Saturn's deep atmospheric flows revealed by the Cassini Grand Finale gravity measurements
• Jupiter's inhomogeneous envelope
• First principles simulations of dense hydrogen
• Jupiter's formation and its primordial internal structure
• The Evolution and Internal Structure of Jupiter and Saturn with Compositional Gradients
• Ab initio based equation of state of dense water for planetary and exoplanetary modeling
• Revelations on Jupiter's Formation, Evolution and Interior: Challenges from Juno Results
• Understanding Jupiter's Interior
• Comparison of the deep atmospheric dynamics of Jupiter and Saturn in light of the Juno and Cassini gravity measurements
• Evidence for a Dichotomy in the Interior Structures of Jupiter and Saturn from Helium Phase Separation
• Low- and high-order gravitational harmonics of rigidly rotating Jupiter
• Bayesian Evolution Models for Jupiter with Helium Rain and Double-diffusive Convection
• Properties of hydrogen, helium, and silicon dioxide mixtures in giant planet interiors
• Helium-iron compounds at terapascal pressures
• Secular Dimming of KIC 8462852 Following its Consumption of a Planet
• Convective inhibition with an atmosphere, I: super-critical cores on sub-Neptune/super-Earths
• Study of Jupiter's Interior: Comparison of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 Layer Models
• The properties of heavy elements in giant planet envelopes
• Theoretical evidence of H-He demixing under Jupiter and Saturn conditions
• Equilibrium Tidal Response of Jupiter: Detectability by Juno
• Relation of Gravity, Winds, and the Moment of Inertia of Jupiter and Saturn
• The future large obliquity of Jupiter
• Determining Exoplanetary Oblateness Using Transit Depth Variations
• A complete study of the precision of the concentric MacLaurin spheroid method to calculate Jupiter's gravitational moments
• Light propagation in the gravitational field of N arbitrarily moving bodies in the 1.5PN approximation for high-precision astrometry
• Decoupling Jupiter's deep and atmospheric flows using the upcoming Juno gravity measurements and a dynamical inverse model
• Benchmarking the ab initio hydrogen equations of state for the interior structure of Jupiter
• Tidal Response and Shape of Hot Jupiters
• Connecting gravity field, moment of inertia, and core properties in Jupiter through empirical structure models
• The theory of figures of Clairaut with focus on the gravitational rigidity modulus: inequalities and an improvement in the Darwin-Radau equation
• Internal Structure of Giant and Icy Planets: Importance of Heavy Elements and Mixing
• Ab Initio Entropy Calculations of Water Predict the Interiors of Uranus and Neptune to be 15-30% Colder than Previous Models
• Tesseral harmonics of Jupiter from static tidal response
• Study of Jupiter's Interior with Quadratic Monte Carlo Simulations
• Time delay in the quadrupole field of a body at rest in 2PN approximation
• Characterizing Jupiter's interior using machine learning reveals four key structures
• Total light deflection in the gravitational field of an axisymmetric body at rest with full mass and spin multipole structure
• He-Mg compounds and helium-driven nonmetal transition in metallic magnesium
• Nested spheroidal figures of equilibrium III. Connection with the gravitational moments $J_{2n}$
• A Possible Mechanism to Explain the Prograde Equatorial Jet of a Jupiter-like Gaseous Giant