Equilibrium Tidal Response of Jupiter: Detectability by Juno

Abstract

An observation of Jupiter's tidal response is anticipated for the on-going Juno spacecraft mission. We combine self-consistent, numerical models of Jupiter's equilibrium tidal response with observed Doppler shifts from the Juno gravity science experiment to test the sensitivity of the spacecraft to tides raised by the Galilean satellites and the Sun. The concentric Maclaurin spheroid (CMS) method finds the equilibrium shape and gravity field of a rotating, liquid planet with the tide raised by a satellite, expanded in Love numbers ($k_{nm}$). We present improvements to CMS theory that eliminate an unphysical center of mass offset and study in detail the convergence behavior of the CMS approach. We demonstrate that the dependence of $k_{nm}$ with orbital distance is important when considering the combined tidal response for Jupiter. Conversely, the details of the interior structure have a negligible influence on $k_{nm}$, for models that match the zonal harmonics $J_2$, $J_4$ and $J_6$, already measured to high precision by Juno. As the mission continues, improved coverage of Jupiter's gravity field at different phases of Io's orbit is expected to yield an observed value for the degree-2 Love number ($k_{22}$) and potentially select higher--degree $k_{nm}$. We present a test of the sensitivity of the Juno Doppler signal to the calculated $k_{nm}$, which suggests the detectability of $k_{33}$, $k_{42}$ and $k_{31}$, in addition to $k_{22}$. A mismatch of a robust Juno observation with the remarkably small range in calculated Io equilibrium $k_{22}=0.58976\pm 0.0001$, would indicate a heretofore uncharacterized dynamic contribution to the tides.

arXiv comment26 Pages, 11 figures, 7 Tables, Accepted to ApJ

References in corpus (25)

• Asteroseismology of Solar-Type and Red-Giant Stars
• Comparing Jupiter interior structure models to Juno gravity measurements and the role of a dilute core
• Shock Compression of Deuterium and the Interiors of Jupiter and Saturn
• Ab initio Equation of State data for hydrogen, helium, and water and the internal structure of Jupiter
• A Massive Core in Jupiter Predicted From First-Principles Simulations
• Hydrogen-Helium Mixtures in the Interiors of Giant Planets
• Jupiter models with improved ab initio hydrogen EOS (H-REOS.2)
• New constraints on Saturn's interior from Cassini astrometric data
• New models of Jupiter in the context of Juno and Galileo
• Nuclear Quantum Effects and Nonlocal Exchange-Correlation Functionals Applied to Liquid Hydrogen at High Pressure
• A new equation of state for dense hydrogen-helium mixtures
• Ab Initio Equation of State for Hydrogen-Helium Mixtures with Recalibration of the Giant-Planet Mass-Radius Relation
• Ab initio equations of state for hydrogen (H-REOS.3) and helium (He-REOS.3) and their implications for the interior of Brown Dwarfs
• Saturn Ring Seismology: Evidence for Stable Stratification in the Deep Interior of Saturn
• Concentric Maclaurin spheroid models of rotating liquid planets
• A Preliminary Jupiter Model
• Path Integral Monte Carlo and Density Functional Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Hot, Dense Helium
• Jupiter internal structure: the effect of different equations of state
• Understanding Jupiter's Interior
• Models of Saturn's Interior Constructed with Accelerated Concentric Maclaurin Spheroid Method
• Low- and high-order gravitational harmonics of rigidly rotating Jupiter
• Gravity and Zonal Flows of Giant Planets: From the Euler Equation to the Thermal Wind Equation
• The Concentric Maclaurin Spheroid method with tides and a rotational enhancement of Saturn's tidal response
• The effect of Jupiter oscillations on Juno gravity measurements
• Tesseral harmonics of Jupiter from static tidal response

Cited by in corpus (12)

• Dynamical tidal Love numbers of rapidly rotating planets and stars
• Dynamical tides in Jupiter and other rotationally flattened planets and stars with stable stratification
• Dynamical tides in Jupiter and the role of interior structure
• Dynamical tides in Jupiter as revealed by Juno
• Tidal Response and Shape of Hot Jupiters
• Dynamical history of the Galilean satellites for a fast migration of Callisto
• Orbit determination methods for interplanetary missions: development and use of the Orbit14 software
• The lost meaning of Jupiter's high-degree Love numbers
• Relationship between the moment of inertia and the $k_2$ Love number of fluid extra-solar planets
• Exoplanetary Interiors
• Quantification of Tides in Giant Planets from Observations
• Retarded Stellar Dynamo in Tidally Deformed M Dwarfs