What do we know about cosmography

Abstract

In the present paper, we investigate the cosmographic problem using the bias-variance trade-off. We find that both the z-redshift and the $y=z/(1+z)$-redshift can present a small bias estimation. It means that the cosmography can describe the supernova data more accurately. Minimizing risk, it suggests that cosmography up to the second order is the best approximation. Forecasting the constraint from future measurements, we find that future supernova and redshift drift can significantly improve the constraint, thus having the potential to solve the cosmographic problem. We also exploit the values of cosmography on the deceleration parameter and equation of state of dark energy $w(z)$. We find that supernova cosmography cannot give stable estimations on them. However, much useful information was obtained, such as that the cosmography favors a complicated dark energy with varying $w(z)$, and the derivative $dw/dz<0$ for low redshift. The cosmography is helpful to model the dark energy.

12 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, accepted by EPJC

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• Cosmography and flat $\Lambda$CDM tensions at high redshift
• Constraints on barotropic dark energy models by a new phenomenological $q(z)$ parameterization
• No-go guide for the Hubble tension : Late-time solutions
• Unveiling cosmography from the dark energy equation of state
• Cosmic acceleration in unimodular gravity
• High-redshift cosmography: Application and comparison with different methods
• Cosmographic analysis of redshift drift
• Constraints and cosmography of $\Lambda$CDM in presence of viscosity
• Non-minimal Derivative Coupling Scalar Field and Bulk Viscous Dark Energy
• Hubble constant and sound horizon from the late-time Universe
• Cosmography with Standard Sirens from the Einstein Telescope
• Cosmographic Footprints of Dynamical Dark Energy
• Testing cosmic anisotropy with Pade approximation and Pantheon+ sample
• Observational Constraints on Growth Index with Cosmography
• Model-independent cosmological inference after the DESI DR2 data with improved inverse distance ladder
• Recovering $\Lambda$CDM Model From a Cosmographic Study
• Joint Constraints on the Hubble Constant, Spatial Curvature, and Sound Horizon from the Late-time Universe with Cosmography
• Cosmography using strong lensing systems and cosmic chronometers
• Potentialities of Hubble parameter and expansion rate function data to alleviate Hubble tension
• MeV dark energy emission from a de Sitter Universe
• Density perturbation in the models reconstructed from jerk parameter
• Kinematic reconstruction of torsion as dark energy in Friedmann cosmology
• Perturbations In Some Dark Energy Models