Condensates in Relativistic Scalar Theories

Abstract

Scalar field theory with large infrared initial occupancy develops very large deep-infrared occupancy, which locally resembles a Bose-Einstein condensate. We study the structure and spatial coherence of this condensate. The O(N) symmetric theory with N>1 is qualitatively different than N=1. We explain the thermodynamical reason why, for N>1, the condensate locally carries nearly maximal conserved charge density. We also show how this property impedes the condensate's decay, and we show that it prevents the condensate from ever becoming fully spatially homogeneous. For N <= 4 the condensate can carry topological defects, but these do not appear to control the large-k tail in its power spectrum, which is the same for N=8 where there are no topological defects.

17 pages plus two appendices, 7 figures. Minor edits and added references

References in corpus (4)

• Non-thermal fixed points: effective weak-coupling for strongly correlated systems far from equilibrium
• Universal self-similar dynamics of relativistic and nonrelativistic field theories near nonthermal fixed points
• Strong versus weak wave-turbulence in relativistic field theory
• Nonthermal fixed points and solitons in a one-dimensional Bose gas

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