Gauge-invariant condensation in the nonequilibrium quark-gluon plasma
arXiv:1909.06147 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.034014
Abstract
The large density of gluons, which is present shortly after a nuclear collision at very high energies, can lead to the formation of a condensate. We identify a gauge-invariant order parameter for condensation based on elementary non-perturbative excitations of the plasma, which are described by spatial Wilson loops. Using real-time lattice simulations, we demonstrate that a self-similar transport process towards low momenta builds up a macroscopic zero mode. Our findings reveal intriguing similarities to recent discoveries of condensation phenomena out of equilibrium in table-top experiments with ultracold Bose gases.
arXiv comment5 pages, 3 figures; v2: journal version, add. section comparing to thermal case and extended discussion
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