Population Synthesis of Isolated Neutron Stars with magneto-rotational evolution II: from radio-pulsars to magnetars

Abstract

Population synthesis studies constitute a powerful method to reconstruct the birth distribution of periods and magnetic fields of the pulsar population. When this method is applied to populations in different wavelengths, it can break the degeneracy in the inferred properties of initial distributions that arises from single-band studies. In this context, we extend previous works to include $X$-ray thermal emitting pulsars within the same evolutionary model as radio-pulsars. We find that the cumulative distribution of the number of X-ray pulsars can be well reproduced by several models that, simultaneously, reproduce the characteristics of the radio-pulsar distribution. However, even considering the most favourable magneto-thermal evolution models with fast field decay, log-normal distributions of the initial magnetic field over-predict the number of visible sources with periods longer than 12 s. We then show that the problem can be solved with different distributions of magnetic field, such as a truncated log-normal distribution, or a binormal distribution with two distinct populations. We use the observational lack of isolated NSs with spin periods P>12 s to establish an upper limit to the fraction of magnetars born with B > 10^{15} G (less than 1\%). As future detections keep increasing the magnetar and high-B pulsar statistics, our approach can be used to establish a severe constraint on the maximum magnetic field at birth of NSs.

12 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables

References in corpus (8)

• Pre-Supernova Evolution of Massive Single and Binary Stars
• Rapid Cooling of the Neutron Star in Cassiopeia A Triggered by Neutron Superfluidity in Dense Matter
• Semi-global simulations of the magneto-rotational instability in core collapse supernovae
• Resonant cyclotron scattering in magnetars' emission
• Magnetic field amplification and magnetically supported explosions of collapsing, non-rotating stellar cores
• Population synthesis of isolated Neutron Stars with magneto--rotational evolution
• A VLT/FLAMES survey for massive binaries in Westerlund 1. IV. Wd1-5 - binary product and a pre-supernova companion for the magnetar CXOU J1647-45?
• Heat blanketing envelopes and thermal radiation of strongly magnetized neutron stars

Cited by in corpus (39)

• Formation Rates and Evolution Histories of Magnetars
• TeV Halos are Everywhere: Prospects for New Discoveries
• Constraining the GRB-magnetar model by means of the Galactic pulsar population
• Identification of a Local Sample of Gamma-Ray Bursts Consistent with a Magnetar Giant Flare Origin
• Dark Matter Heating vs. Rotochemical Heating in Old Neutron Stars
• Post fall-back evolution of multipolar magnetic fields and radio pulsar activation
• Precursor flares of short gamma-ray bursts from crust yielding due to tidal resonances in coalescing binaries of rotating, magnetized neutron stars
• Continuous gravitational waves from Galactic neutron stars: demography, detectability and prospects
• Cooling Theory Faced with Old Warm Neutron Stars: Role of Non-Equilibrium Processes with Proton and Neutron Gaps
• Magnetar Powered Ordinary Type IIP Supernovae
• Resonant Shattering Flares in Black Hole-Neutron Star and Binary Neutron Star Mergers
• 3D code for MAgneto-Thermal evolution in Isolated Neutron Stars, MATINS: The Magnetic Field Formalism
• Expansion of Kes 73, a Shell Supernova Remnant Containing a Magnetar
• Testing the fossil field hypothesis: could strongly magnetised OB stars produce all known magnetars?
• Magnetic field evolution timescales in superconducting neutron stars
• General-relativistic treatment of tidal $g$-mode resonances in coalescing binaries of neutron stars. II. As triggers for precursor flares of short gamma-ray bursts
• Magnetic Field Evolution in Neutron Star Crusts: Beyond the Hall Effect
• Braking indices of young radio pulsars: theoretical perspective
• The Galactic neutron star population I - an extragalactic view of the Milky Way and the implications for fast radio bursts
• Amplifying magnetic fields of a newly born neutron star by stochastic angular momentum accretion in core collapse supernovae
• Rapidly rotating neutron star progenitors
• Strongly magnetized pulsars: explosive events and evolution
• Follow-up of isolated neutron star candidates from the eROSITA survey
• The radio pulsar population of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Isolated pulsar population synthesis with simulation-based inference
• Discovery of GeV gamma-ray emission from PWN Kes 75 and PSR J1846-0258
• On the initial spin period distribution of neutron stars
• Statistical properties of fast radio bursts elucidate their origins: magnetars are favoured over gamma-ray bursts
• Fast Radio Bursts signal high-frequency gravitational waves
• The infrared counterpart and proper motion of magnetar SGR0501+4516
• The Galactic population of magnetars : a simulation-based inference study
• Unifying neutron star sub-populations in the supernova fallback accretion model
• Hunting isolated neutron stars with proper motions from wide-area optical surveys
• Universality of gravitational radiation from magnetar magnetospheres
• Radio pulsar population synthesis with consistent flux measurements using simulation-based inference
• Thermal Evolution of Neutron Stars as a Probe of Physics beyond the Standard Model
• The Northern Cross Fast Radio Burst project: V. Search for transient radio emission from Galactic magnetars
• Initial periods and magnetic fields of neutron stars
• Magnetic field decay in young radio pulsars