Examining the T Tauri system with SPHERE

Abstract

Context. The prototypical low-mass young stellar object, T Tauri, is a well-studied multiple system with at least three components. Aims. We aim to explore the T Tau system with the highest spatial resolution, study the time evolution of the known components, and re-determine the orbital parameters of the stars. Methods. Near-infrared classical imaging and integral field spectrograph observations were obtained during the Science Verification of SPHERE, the new high-contrast imaging facility at the VLT. The obtained FWHM of the primary star varies between 0.050" and 0.059", making these the highest spatial resolution near-infrared images of the T Tauri system obtained to date. Results. Our near-infrared images confirm the presence of extended emission south of T Tau Sa, reported in the literature. New narrow-band images show, for the first time, that this feature shows strong emission in both the Br-γ and H2 1-0 S(1) lines. Broadband imaging at 2.27 μm shows that T Tau Sa is 0.92 mag brighter than T Tau Sb, which is in contrast to observations from Jan. 2014 (when T Tau Sa was fainter than Sb), and demonstrates that T Tau Sa has entered a new period of high variability. The newly obtained astrometric positions of T Tau Sa and Sb agree with orbital fits from previous works. The orbit of T Tau S (the center of gravity of Sa and Sb) around T Tau N is poorly constrained by the available observations and can be fit with a range of orbits ranging from a nearly circular orbit with a period of 475 years to highly eccentric orbits with periods up to 2.7*10^4 years. We also detected a feature south of T Tau N, at a distance of $144\pm 3$ mas, which shows the properties of a new companion.

Accepted by A&A Letters

References in corpus (13)

• Observational Constraints on the Formation and Evolution of Binary Stars
• FITSH -- a software package for image processing
• Multi-epoch VLBA observations of T Tauri South
• Resolved Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of the Mysterious Pre-Main Sequence Binary Systems T Tau S
• Orbital Motion in Pre-Main Sequence Binaries
• Dynamical Mass Estimates for Incomplete Orbits: Young Multiple Stars in Taurus and Ophiuchus
• Orbits and Masses in the T Tauri System
• The circumstellar environment of T Tau S at high spatial and spectral resolution
• A High Spatial Resolution Infrared View of the T Tauri Multiple System
• Variable accretion as a mechanism for brightness variations in T Tau S
• Accurate stellar masses in the multiple system T Tau
• Near-Infrared, Adaptive Optics Observations of the T Tauri Multiple-Star System
• Spatially resolved imaging spectroscopy of T Tauri

Cited by in corpus (11)

• SPHERE: the exoplanet imager for the Very Large Telescope
• Evolution of protoplanetary disks from their taxonomy in scattered light: spirals, rings, cavities, and shadows
• VLTI/MIDI atlas of disks around low- and intermediate-mass young stellar objects
• Orbits in the T Tauri triple system observed with SPHERE
• Is T Tauri North a 'Classical' T Tauri star?
• Orbital Motion, Variability, and Masses in the T Tauri Triple System
• New Circumstellar Structure in the T Tauri System
• Multiepoch, multiwavelength study of accretion onto T Tauri: X-ray versus optical and UV accretion tracers
• Multi-epoch, high spatial resolution observations of multiple T Tauri systems
• High-contrast Polarimetry Observation of T Tau Circumstellar Environment
• On the Nature of the T Tauri Triple System