Introduction to High-Resolution Inelastic X-Ray Scattering

Abstract

This paper reviews non-resonant, meV-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS), as applied to the measurement of atomic dynamics of crystalline materials. It is designed to be an introductory, though in-depth, look at the field for those who be may interested in performing IXS experiments, or in understanding the operation of IXS spectrometers, or those desiring a practical introduction to harmonic phonons in crystals at finite momentum transfers. The treatment of most topics begins from ground-level, with a strong emphasis on practical issues, as they have occurred to the author in two decades spent introducing meV-resolved IXS in Japan, including designing and helping to build two IXS beamlines, spectrometers and associated instrumentation, performing experiments, and helping and teaching other scientists. After an introduction that compares IXS to other methods of investigating atomic dynamics, some of the basic principles of scattering theory are described with the aim of introducing useful and relevant concepts for the experimentalist. That section includes a fairly detailed discussion of harmonic phonons. The theory section is followed by a brief discussion of calculations and then a longer section on spectrometer design, concepts, and implementation, including a brief introduction to dynamical diffraction and a survey of presently available instruments. Finally, there is discussion of the types of experiments that have been carried out, with a focused discussion on measurements of superconductors, and brief discussion (but with many references) of other types of crystalline samples.

Updated August 2020, 29b. Text slightly updated, layout improved. 70 Pages, 22 figures, approximately 350 references

References in corpus (31)

• Quantum ESPRESSO: a modular and open-source software project for quantum simulations of materials
• Conventional superconductivity at 203 K at high pressures
• Non-adiabatic Kohn-anomaly in a doped graphene monolayer
• The phonon dispersion of graphite by inelastic x-ray scattering
• First-principles study of the pressure and crystal-structure dependences of the superconducting transition temperature in compressed sulfur hydrides
• Strong anharmonicity induces quantum melting of charge density wave in 2H-NbSe$\_2$ under pressure
• Giant Kohn anomaly and the phase transition in charge density wave ZrTe_3
• Directly characterizing the relative strength and momentum dependence of electron-phonon coupling using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering
• Wave vector dependent electron-phonon coupling drives charge-density-wave formation in TbTe3
• Energy Gaps and Kohn Anomalies in Elemental Superconductors
• Momentum dependence of the electron-phonon coupling and self-energy effects in YBa_2Cu_3O_7 within the local density approximation
• Phonon Spectroscopy with Sub-meV Resolution by Femtosecond X-ray Diffuse Scattering
• Anharmonic effects in MgB2? A comparative inelastic X-ray scattering and Raman study
• Soft-phonon-driven superconductivity in CaAlSi as seen by inelastic x-ray scattering
• Lattice dynamics and antiferroelectricity in PbZrO${}_3$ tested by X-ray and Brillouin light scattering
• Electromagnon dispersion probed by inelastic x-ray scattering
• First principles calculation and experimental investigation of lattice dynamics in the rare earth pyrochlores R2Ti2O7 (R=Tb, Dy, Ho)
• Retardation effects and the Coulomb pseudopotential in the theory of superconductivity
• Anharmonic lattice dynamics of Ag${}_2$O studied by inelastic neutron scattering and first principles molecular dynamics simulations
• Superconductivity and hybrid soft modes in TiSe${}_2$
• Soft phonon modes in rutile TiO${}_2$
• Two-phonon contributions to inelastic x-ray scattering spectra of MgB2
• Full elasticity tensor from thermal diffuse scattering
• Theory of angular dispersive imaging hard x-ray spectrographs
• Close correlation between magnetic properties and the soft phonon mode of the structural transition in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ and SrFe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Crystal dynamics and thermal properties of neptunium dioxide
• Lattice dynamical properties of superconducting SrPt${}_3$P studied via inelastic x-ray scattering and density functional perturbation theory
• Effect of magnetism on lattice dynamics in SrFe${}_2$As${}_2$ as seen via high resolution inelastic x-ray scattering
• Lattice dynamics of MgSiO${}_3$ perovskite (bridgmanite) studied by inelastic x-ray scattering and ab initio calculations
• q-Dependence of the giant bond-stretching phonon anomaly in the stripe compound La1.48Nd0.4Sr0.12CuO4 measured by IXS
• X-ray echo spectroscopy

Cited by in corpus (8)

• Wave attenuation in glasses: Rayleigh and generalized-Rayleigh scattering scaling
• Persistent low-energy phonon broadening near the charge order $q$-vector in bilayer cuprate Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+\delta }$
• Nematic correlation length in iron-based superconductors probed by inelastic x-ray scattering
• Spin-orbit coupling effects on spin-phonon coupling in Cd2Os2O7
• LO-mode phonon of KCl and NaCl at 300 K by inelastic X ray scattering measurements and first principles calculations
• Scheme to increase the output average spectral flux of the European XFEL at $14.4$ keV
• Orbital-selective electronic excitations in iron arsenides revealed by simulated nonresonant inelastic x-ray scattering
• A medium-resolution monochromator for 73 keV x-rays - Nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation from 193-Ir